A method of forming a package is provided and includes providing two laminate edge portions of the package, each of which includes a foil layer between first and second resin layers; and welding together the respective first resin layers at a first position spaced apart from the edges while not welding the respective first resin layers at the edges, wherein the edge portions include edges from which electrode terminals extend such that portions of the electrode terminals are exposed beyond the edges, and wherein the edge portions are between a sealing portion and exposed portions of positive and negative electrode terminals.

The present invention provides a solid-liquid electrolyte in the form of a gel which comprises an organic carbonate-based solvent, precipitated silica, at least one ionically conducting salt and optionally additives. The invention also relates to batteries containing said solid-liquid electrolyte. The solid-liquid electrolyte according to the present invention can improve the electrochemical properties of batteries and prevent electrolyte leakage thus reducing the risk of corrosion of the batteries.

An electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy to electrical energy includes a cathode with an active material of fluorinated carbon on a perforated metal cathode current collector, a lithium anode on a perforated metal anode current collector, a stepped header, a stable electrolyte, and a separator. In various embodiments, an anode current collector design, a cathode current collector design, a stepped header design, a cathode formulation, an electrolyte formulation, a separator, and a battery incorporating the electrochemical cell are provided.

The disclosure provides a primary battery and an electrode assembly thereof. The electrode assembly includes a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode current collector. The separator has a positive electrode side and a negative electrode side opposite to each other. The positive electrode is located at the positive electrode side of the separator, and the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material. The negative electrode current collector is located at the negative electrode side of the separator. The electrode assembly does not include a negative electrode material before charging or activation.

A lithium battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing lithium, and a nonaqueous electrolyte having lithium-ion conductivity, wherein the positive electrode contains at least one selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide and graphite fluoride, and a powdered or fibrous carbon material is attached to at least part of the surface of the negative electrode opposite the positive electrode. Further, the nonaqueous electrolyte includes a nonaqueous solvent, a solute, a first additive, and a second additive, the solute contains LiClO.sub.4, the first additive is LiBF.sub.4, and the second additive is a salt having an inorganic anion that contains sulfur and fluorine.

A method of producing solid lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF.sub.6) includes reacting lithium fluoride (LiF) in solid form with gaseous phosphorous pentafluoride (PF.sub.5) in a liquid perhalogenated organic compound that is non-reactive with, i.e. is inert to, the PF.sub.5, thereby producing LiPF.sub.6 in solid form.

The present disclosure is directed to a triazine-modified ionic liquid compound, the synthesis thereof and an electrochemical cell electrolyte containing the triazine-modified ionic liquid compound.

An electrolytic solution includes a sulfone and a magnesium salt dissolved in the sulfone, in which the magnesium salt includes magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH.sub.4).sub.2).

A printed energy storage device includes a first electrode including zinc, a second electrode including manganese dioxide, and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode, second, electrode, and separator printed onto a substrate. The device may include a first current collector and/or a second current collector printed onto the substrate. The energy storage device may include a printed intermediate layer between the separator and the first electrode. The first electrode, and the second electrode may include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode and the second electrode may include an electrolyte having zinc tetrafluoroborate (ZnBF.sub.4) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode, the second electrode, the first current collector, and/or the second current collector can include carbon nanotubes. The separator may include solid microspheres.

The invention relates to a mono-nuclei cationized magnesium salt, a preparation method and applications thereof. The mono-nuclei cationized magnesium salt has a chemical formula of MgR.sub.nMX.sub.4-mY.sub.m, wherein R is a non-aqueous solvent molecule, M includes Al.sup.3+ and/or B.sup.3+, X and Y respectively include halide ion and halogenoid ion, n is any one integer selected in the range of 06, and m is any one integer selected in the range of 0-4. The mono-nuclei cationized magnesium salt provided by the invention has a simple structure and excellent electrochemical properties, and the preparation method thereof features low cost, integrated synthesis, accessible raw materials, simple preparation process, and simple scaled production. The provided mono-nuclei cationized magnesium salt is used as the electrolyte of the rechargeable batteries, the generated electrolyte solution has a high ionic conductivity, a high reversible magnesium deposition-dissolution efficiency, excellent circulating performance and a high anode oxidation deposition potential. For example, when the electrolyte solution is applied to the magnesium batteries, the initial discharging capacity of the batteries can reach over 700 mAh/g, and the cycle number is greater than 20.