According to one embodiment, a secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an aqueous electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a titanium-containing oxide. The aqueous electrolyte includes a sodium ion having a concentration of 3 mol/L or more and at least one type of first anion selected from the group consisting of [N(FSO.sub.2).sub.2].sup., SO.sub.3.sup.2, S.sub.2O.sub.3.sup.2 and SCN.sup..

An ion conductive glass ceramics having the formula Na.sub.2SP.sub.2S.sub.5, wherein the Na.sub.2S in the ion conductive glass ceramics is contained in an amount of from 70 to 75 mole %, and wherein the ion conductive glass ceramics has a state where crystal parts are dispersed in the glass ingredient of an amorphous state and where the crystal parts contain tetragonal Na.sub.3PS.sub.4.

An electrochemical energy store with an anode, which is electrically connected to an anode space in which an anode material with a first fill level is arranged, and a cathode, which is electrically connected to a cathode space in which a cathode material with a second fill level is arranged, and an ion-conducting separator, which separates the anode space from the cathode space. The ion-conducting separator has a top region and a base region, wherein at least one conductivity section is provided in the top region of the ion-conducting separator, which conductivity section has greater electrical conductivity during correct operation of the electrochemical energy store than an electrically insulating insulation section in the base region, wherein at least one state of charge of the electrochemical energy store exists in which the anode material makes contact with the conductivity section in the anode space.

A re-chargeable battery comprising a non-dendrite forming sodium (Na)/potassium (K) liquid metal alloy anode, a sulfur and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) conductive polymer composite cathode, a polyethyleneoxide (PEO) solid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed on the PEO solid electrolyte; and a cell housing, wherein the anode, cathode, and electrolyte are assembled into the cell housing with the PEO solid electrolyte disposed between the cathode and anode.

The disclosure relates to solid-phase and molten metal phosphorothioates useful as electrolytes, batteries comprising solid-phase and molten metal phosphorothioates, and methods of making solid-phase and molten metal phosphorothioates.

An ion conductive glass ceramics having the formula Na.sub.2SP.sub.2S.sub.5, wherein the Na.sub.2S in the ion conductive glass ceramics is contained in an amount of from 70 to 75 mole %, and wherein the ion conductive glass ceramics has a state where crystal parts are dispersed in the glass ingredient of an amorphous state and where the crystal parts contain tetragonal Na.sub.3PS.sub.4.

Provided are a solid electrolyte for a sodium secondary battery, and a surface treatment method thereof, and more specifically, a solid electrolyte for a sodium secondary battery capable of having excellent electrochemical performance by improving wettability with respect to molten sodium, even under a low temperature operation environment of 250 C. or less, and a surface treatment method thereof.

An all-solid-state secondary cell is provided comprising at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a solid electrolyte layer which is positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material consisting of Na.sub.2S.sub.x (x=1 to 8) and the solid electrolyte layer contains an ion conductive glass ceramics represented by a formula (I): Na.sub.2S-M.sub.xS.sub.y, wherein M is P, Si, Ge, B or Al; x and y each is an integer giving a stoichiometric ratio depending upon the type of M; and Na.sub.2S is contained in an amount of more than 67 mole % and less than 80 mole %.

Battery systems, and methods for manufacturing the same, are disclosed. The battery system may include one or more layers of anode, cathode, and electrolyte. The electrolyte may be solid, dense, and thin. The electrolyte may be configured in a non-planar geometry, such as a concentric cylindrical geometry or a helical geometry. A sealant may be applied to a housing enclosing the anode, cathode, and a portion of the electrolyte such that electrode-to-electrode contact is prevented. The method of manufacturing a battery system may include sonicating materials forming the electrolyte and curing the materials in layers. The anode and cathode materials are applied to the electrolyte and are enclosed in the housing. The sealant is applied such that contact is prohibited between the anode and the cathode.

This application provides an electrolyte, a secondary battery, and an electric apparatus. The electrolyte includes a cyclic sulfate compound represented by Formula I and a metal ion additive. The cyclic sulfate compound and the metal ion additive contribute to the formation of a stable SEI film, thereby facilitating an improvement in the rate performance of the battery.