A stack has an end surface located at an end portion in a first direction. A restraint portion includes a first member, a second member, and an adhesive agent layer. The first member has a main body portion and a protrusion portion. The protrusion portion protrudes from the main body portion in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The second member is provided with a recess portion that receives at least a portion of the protrusion portion in the second direction. The adhesive agent layer adheres the first member and the second member to each other. One of the first member and the second member is provided to face the end surface of the stack. The protrusion portion and the recess portion are engaged with each other with the adhesive agent layer being interposed between the protrusion portion and the recess portion.

A heat exchanger for battery cooling is provided to improve an efficiency of cooling of the current heat exchangers. The heat exchanger for battery cooling comprises an upper housing with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, a lower housing capable of hermetically connecting with the upper housing to form a chamber for accommodating fluid. The fluid flows into the chamber through the fluid inlet and then exits through the fluid outlet. The fluid chamber is provided with at least one S-shaped fluid directing element with several through holes. With the S-shape directing elements within the fluid chamber and the through holes formed on the directing elements, fluid can flow in an injecting manner within the chamber to realize effective cooling of the upper housing.

A battery submodule carrier includes a monolithic cell tray configured to accommodate a plurality of aligned battery cells; a plurality of cell retainers configured to retain the battery cells within the cell tray; and a plurality of tray fasteners configured to mount the cell tray to a battery system carrier.

A battery submodule carrier includes a monolithic cell tray configured to accommodate a plurality of aligned battery cells; a plurality of cell retainers configured to retain the battery cells within the cell tray; and a plurality of tray fasteners configured to mount the cell tray to a battery system carrier.

A battery module carrier includes a carrier frame configured to accommodate a first component carrier and a second component carrier. The first component carrier includes a control electronics assembly and a signal port, and the second component carrier is configured to accommodate a battery submodule. The carrier frame is configured to provide an external electronic connection to the first component carrier via the signal port, and each of the first component carrier and the second component carrier are configured to be individually attached and detached from the carrier frame.

A battery module carrier includes a carrier frame configured to accommodate a first component carrier and a second component carrier. The first component carrier includes a control electronics assembly and a signal port, and the second component carrier is configured to accommodate a battery submodule. The carrier frame is configured to provide an external electronic connection to the first component carrier via the signal port, and each of the first component carrier and the second component carrier are configured to be individually attached and detached from the carrier frame.

A valve includes a housing having a housing cavity and at least two housing openings. A valve body is rotatably provided in the housing cavity and includes a valve body top portion, a valve body bottom portion and a valve body sidewall. The valve body sidewall has an upper valve body sidewall and a lower valve body sidewall which are connected to each other. An outer surface of the upper valve body sidewall is a partial cylindrical surface, and an outer surface of the lower valve body sidewall is shaped to have a gradually decreasing diameter in a direction from top to bottom. A seal is provided on the valve body sidewall and the seal is configured to match with the housing to enable the valve body sidewall to close at least one of the housing openings.

A battery pack includes battery cells; a battery cell holder in which the battery cells are accommodated; and an exhaust pipe, wherein the battery cell holder includes a first cell holder to which upper end portions of the battery cells are assembled, a second cell holder to which lower end portions of the battery cells are assembled, and a first separation member on the first cell holder, the exhaust pipe extends from an outer sider surface of the battery cell holder, and the exhaust pipe is in fluid communication with an exhaust path between the first separation member and an outer side surface of the first cell holder.

A battery pack includes battery cells; a battery cell holder in which the battery cells are accommodated; and an exhaust pipe, wherein the battery cell holder includes a first cell holder to which upper end portions of the battery cells are assembled, a second cell holder to which lower end portions of the battery cells are assembled, and a first separation member on the first cell holder, the exhaust pipe extends from an outer sider surface of the battery cell holder, and the exhaust pipe is in fluid communication with an exhaust path between the first separation member and an outer side surface of the first cell holder.

An energy storage system, including a housing in which a plurality of battery cells are arranged. The plurality of battery cells are spaced with respect to each other by a device arranged between every two respective adjacent battery cells of the plurality of battery cells, so that a space is created therein. At least one emergency cooling channel is associated with the space.