An apparatus comprises: a clamshell configured for holding an electrochemical cell having first and second terminals, the clamshell comprising at least first and second portions hinged to each other; first and second contacts positioned for contacting the first and second terminals, respectively; and a thermoelectric device mounted to the clamshell for controlling a temperature of the electrochemical cell.

An apparatus comprises: a clamshell configured for holding an electrochemical cell having first and second terminals, the clamshell comprising at least first and second portions hinged to each other; first and second contacts positioned for contacting the first and second terminals, respectively; and a thermoelectric device mounted to the clamshell for controlling a temperature of the electrochemical cell.

A method, apparatus, and control system for a battery cell include a heat exchanger in thermal contact with the battery cell, and a first controller. The first controller connects to the heat exchanger, and monitors the battery cell. The first controller includes a reduced order electrochemical model, a heat generation model, and a heat generation controller. The first controller determines a target parameter for the battery cell, and determines battery cell parameters. The reduced order electrochemical model determines internal ROM variables based upon the battery cell parameters. The heat generation model determines an electrochemical heat generation parameter from the battery cell based upon the internal ROM variables and the target parameter for the battery cell. The heat generation controller determines a heat work parameter based upon the electrochemical heat generation and the target parameter for the battery cell. The heat exchanger is controlled based upon the heat work parameter.

A method, apparatus, and control system for a battery cell include a heat exchanger in thermal contact with the battery cell, and a first controller. The first controller connects to the heat exchanger, and monitors the battery cell. The first controller includes a reduced order electrochemical model, a heat generation model, and a heat generation controller. The first controller determines a target parameter for the battery cell, and determines battery cell parameters. The reduced order electrochemical model determines internal ROM variables based upon the battery cell parameters. The heat generation model determines an electrochemical heat generation parameter from the battery cell based upon the internal ROM variables and the target parameter for the battery cell. The heat generation controller determines a heat work parameter based upon the electrochemical heat generation and the target parameter for the battery cell. The heat exchanger is controlled based upon the heat work parameter.

A battery assembly comprising a thermal exchange device and a plurality of batteries arranged into a plurality of battery groups is disclosed. The thermal exchange device comprises a thermal contact surface which is in thermal contact with a heat transfer network, and a thermal exchange surface which is configured to perform heat exchange. The heat transfer network comprises the plurality of inter-battery connectors which are in electrical contact with battery terminals of the batteries forming the battery assembly. The inter-battery connectors are in physical and thermal contact with the thermal contact surface of the thermal exchange device to facilitate transfer of heat from the battery terminals to the thermal contact surface and are electrically insulated from the thermal exchange surface or the thermal exchange device.

A battery assembly comprising a thermal exchange device and a plurality of batteries arranged into a plurality of battery groups is disclosed. The thermal exchange device comprises a thermal contact surface which is in thermal contact with a heat transfer network, and a thermal exchange surface which is configured to perform heat exchange. The heat transfer network comprises the plurality of inter-battery connectors which are in electrical contact with battery terminals of the batteries forming the battery assembly. The inter-battery connectors are in physical and thermal contact with the thermal contact surface of the thermal exchange device to facilitate transfer of heat from the battery terminals to the thermal contact surface and are electrically insulated from the thermal exchange surface or the thermal exchange device.

A thermocouple for temperature measurement according to an embodiment may include a first wire of a first metallic material and a second wire of a second metallic material different from the first metallic material, a first section in which the first wire and the second wire are electrically insulated from each other, a second section in which the first wire and the second wire are connected to each other to form a measuring junction, a first layer of a thermally conductive and electrically insulating first material enclosing the second section, and a second layer of an ultrasonic-weldable second material enclosing at least part of the first layer.

A thermocouple for temperature measurement according to an embodiment may include a first wire of a first metallic material and a second wire of a second metallic material different from the first metallic material, a first section in which the first wire and the second wire are electrically insulated from each other, a second section in which the first wire and the second wire are connected to each other to form a measuring junction, a first layer of a thermally conductive and electrically insulating first material enclosing the second section, and a second layer of an ultrasonic-weldable second material enclosing at least part of the first layer.

A system and method for thermally managing a battery, capable of effectively performing thermal management (cooling or heating) of a battery is provided. The system for thermally managing a battery includes a thermal manager performing a thermal management of a battery by means of a coolant, a coolant circulation line being connected to the thermal manager, and a heat exchanger being installed to the coolant circulation line.

A system and method for thermally managing a battery, capable of effectively performing thermal management (cooling or heating) of a battery is provided. The system for thermally managing a battery includes a thermal manager performing a thermal management of a battery by means of a coolant, a coolant circulation line being connected to the thermal manager, and a heat exchanger being installed to the coolant circulation line.