An apparatus including an array of dual-polarized antenna elements. Each antenna element includes a pair of orthogonal polarization feeds, and a coupler configured to couple, in the near field, the orthogonal polarizations. The apparatus also including control circuitry configured to control, for each polarization, for each antenna element, a power adjustment and a phase adjustment applied to signals of the respective polarization feeds. The apparatus further includes measurement circuitry configured to measure, for each polarization, for each antenna element via its respective coupler, a power and/or a phase of a signal transmitted from the respective array. The apparatus also includes calibration circuitry configured to adjust, for each polarization, for each antenna element, the power adjustment and/or the phase adjustment applied to signals of the respective polarization feeds in dependence upon the measurement, for each polarization, of power and/or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective antenna element.

An apparatus including an array of dual-polarized antenna elements. Each antenna element includes a pair of orthogonal polarization feeds, and a coupler configured to couple, in the near field, the orthogonal polarizations. The apparatus also including control circuitry configured to control, for each polarization, for each antenna element, a power adjustment and a phase adjustment applied to signals of the respective polarization feeds. The apparatus further includes measurement circuitry configured to measure, for each polarization, for each antenna element via its respective coupler, a power and/or a phase of a signal transmitted from the respective array. The apparatus also includes calibration circuitry configured to adjust, for each polarization, for each antenna element, the power adjustment and/or the phase adjustment applied to signals of the respective polarization feeds in dependence upon the measurement, for each polarization, of power and/or phase of the signal transmitted from the respective antenna element.

A vehicle antenna apparatus is provided. The vehicle antenna apparatus includes an array antenna including a plurality of antenna elements that output a plurality of beams identified by output directions, and a processor configured to perform at least one instruction. The processor is further configured to obtain speed information of a vehicle, select at least one beam from among the plurality of beams such that a shape of a beam pattern formed by the plurality of beams is changed based on the speed information, and control the array antenna to output the selected beam.

A vehicle antenna apparatus is provided. The vehicle antenna apparatus includes an array antenna including a plurality of antenna elements that output a plurality of beams identified by output directions, and a processor configured to perform at least one instruction. The processor is further configured to obtain speed information of a vehicle, select at least one beam from among the plurality of beams such that a shape of a beam pattern formed by the plurality of beams is changed based on the speed information, and control the array antenna to output the selected beam.

An antenna architecture can include a common node and a plurality of signal paths each having first and second ends, with the first end coupled to the common node, such that a common signal provided at the common node splits into respective signals in the signal paths. The antenna architecture can further include a phase shifter block implemented along each of at least some of the signal paths, with the phase shifter block including a phase shifting line to provide a phase shift for the signal passing through the respective signal path, such that the signals emerging from the signal paths are provided with incremental phase shifts. The antenna architecture can further include an antenna unit coupled to the second end of each signal path, such that the signals provided to the antenna units result in a transmitted signal being directed at a tilt angle with respect to the antenna units.

An antenna architecture can include a common node and a plurality of signal paths each having first and second ends, with the first end coupled to the common node, such that a common signal provided at the common node splits into respective signals in the signal paths. The antenna architecture can further include a phase shifter block implemented along each of at least some of the signal paths, with the phase shifter block including a phase shifting line to provide a phase shift for the signal passing through the respective signal path, such that the signals emerging from the signal paths are provided with incremental phase shifts. The antenna architecture can further include an antenna unit coupled to the second end of each signal path, such that the signals provided to the antenna units result in a transmitted signal being directed at a tilt angle with respect to the antenna units.

In an antenna module on one printed circuit board, a first area where a plurality of antenna elements are positioned on a first surface, and a second area where a plurality of front end integrated circuits are independently positioned on a second surface, the opposite surface of the first surface, are provided, and a wire is provided in the second area to electrically couple some ports of a plurality of ports provided in a first front end integrated circuit to some ports of a plurality of ports provided in a second front end integrated circuit. The some ports provided in the first front end integrated circuit include a first port configured to output a first intermediate frequency signal, and a second port configured to input a second intermediate frequency signal.

In an antenna module on one printed circuit board, a first area where a plurality of antenna elements are positioned on a first surface, and a second area where a plurality of front end integrated circuits are independently positioned on a second surface, the opposite surface of the first surface, are provided, and a wire is provided in the second area to electrically couple some ports of a plurality of ports provided in a first front end integrated circuit to some ports of a plurality of ports provided in a second front end integrated circuit. The some ports provided in the first front end integrated circuit include a first port configured to output a first intermediate frequency signal, and a second port configured to input a second intermediate frequency signal.

A phase-shift unit includes: a first substrate and a second substrate provided opposite to each other; a medium layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate; a microstrip line disposed at a side of the second substrate facing towards the first substrate; and a grounding layer provided at a side of the first substrate facing towards the second substrate and formed with a via hole; wherein a projection of the via hole onto the second substrate and a projection of the microstrip line onto the second substrate have an overlapped area therebetween; and wherein the via hole is configured to feed a phase-shifted microwave signal out of the phase-shift unit, or feed a microwave signal into the phase-shift unit such that the microwave signal is phase-shifted.

A phase-shift unit includes: a first substrate and a second substrate provided opposite to each other; a medium layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate; a microstrip line disposed at a side of the second substrate facing towards the first substrate; and a grounding layer provided at a side of the first substrate facing towards the second substrate and formed with a via hole; wherein a projection of the via hole onto the second substrate and a projection of the microstrip line onto the second substrate have an overlapped area therebetween; and wherein the via hole is configured to feed a phase-shifted microwave signal out of the phase-shift unit, or feed a microwave signal into the phase-shift unit such that the microwave signal is phase-shifted.