A method for transmitting a broadcast signal, includes compressing headers of Internet Protocol (IP) packets in an IP packet stream to output a compressed IP packet stream, the compressed IP packet stream including Initialization Refresh (IR) packets, a first group of IR-dynamic packets, and compressed IP packets; extracting context information from the compressed IP packet stream, wherein when the context information is extracted only from the IR packets in the compressed IP packet stream, the IR packets are converted to a second group of IR-dynamic packets; building signaling information including the context information; and encapsulating the signaling information into one or more signaling link layer packets and the compressed IP packet stream into link layer packets that are distinct from the one or more signaling link layer packets.

A method for transmitting a broadcast signal, includes compressing headers of Internet Protocol (IP) packets in an IP packet stream to output a compressed IP packet stream, the compressed IP packet stream including Initialization Refresh (IR) packets, a first group of IR-dynamic packets, and compressed IP packets; extracting context information from the compressed IP packet stream, wherein when the context information is extracted only from the IR packets in the compressed IP packet stream, the IR packets are converted to a second group of IR-dynamic packets; building signaling information including the context information; and encapsulating the signaling information into one or more signaling link layer packets and the compressed IP packet stream into link layer packets that are distinct from the one or more signaling link layer packets.

A method by a wireless transmitting device is disclosed for indicating a partial traffic identifier (PTID) or an access category index (ACI) in a header compression element. The method includes generating a frame that includes the header compression element, wherein the header compression element includes a first subfield that is for indicating a PTID of a quality of service (QoS) data frame or an ACI of a QoS management frame and a second subfield indicating whether the first subfield indicates the PTID of the QoS data frame or the ACI of the QoS management frame. The method further includes transmitting the frame through a wireless medium.

Embodiments of the present application provide a method and a device for transmitting data, which are capable of achieving timely data transmission. The method includes: starting, by a receiving end, a timer of a first delivery mode when determining that data delivered and data to be delivered are not continuous, where the first delivery mode is used to indicate that the receiving end directly delivers data to an upper layer upon the receipt of the data; and delivering, the receiving end, the data to be delivered to the high level using the first delivery mode in a case where the timer of the first delivery mode does not expire.

Embodiments of the present application provide a method and a device for transmitting data, which are capable of achieving timely data transmission. The method includes: starting, by a receiving end, a timer of a first delivery mode when determining that data delivered and data to be delivered are not continuous, where the first delivery mode is used to indicate that the receiving end directly delivers data to an upper layer upon the receipt of the data; and delivering, the receiving end, the data to be delivered to the high level using the first delivery mode in a case where the timer of the first delivery mode does not expire.

A network interface device, said network interface device has a data transmission path configured to receive data for transmission. The data for transmission is to be sent over a network by the network interface device. A monitor is configured to monitor the data transmission path to determine if an underrun condition is associated with the data transmission path. If so, an indication is included in the transmitted data packet.

A network interface device, said network interface device has a data transmission path configured to receive data for transmission. The data for transmission is to be sent over a network by the network interface device. A monitor is configured to monitor the data transmission path to determine if an underrun condition is associated with the data transmission path. If so, an indication is included in the transmitted data packet.

The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data transmission method and apparatus, and a terminal. The method includes a terminal sending a first preamble to a base station and receiving a first random access response message sent by the base station. The method further includes the terminal acquiring an uplink transmission resource based on the first random access response message and transmitting first uplink data on the uplink transmission resource. The size of the uplink transmission resource supports the transmission of the first uplink data.

Systems and methods are disclosed for detecting node outages in a mesh network. A tracking node in the mesh network detects a set of signals originating from a tracked node in the mesh network. The set of signals includes beacons and communication messages transmitted by the tracked node. The tracking node determines that a threshold number of the alive beacon intervals have passed since receiving a most recent signal from the tracked node. The tracking node then outputs a ping to the tracked node requesting a response to the ping. When the response to the ping is not received from the tracked node, the tracking node transmits an outage alarm message to a next topologically higher layer of the mesh network, the outage alarm message comprising an identification of the tracked node.

Systems and methods are disclosed for detecting node outages in a mesh network. A tracking node in the mesh network detects a set of signals originating from a tracked node in the mesh network. The set of signals includes beacons and communication messages transmitted by the tracked node. The tracking node determines that a threshold number of the alive beacon intervals have passed since receiving a most recent signal from the tracked node. The tracking node then outputs a ping to the tracked node requesting a response to the ping. When the response to the ping is not received from the tracked node, the tracking node transmits an outage alarm message to a next topologically higher layer of the mesh network, the outage alarm message comprising an identification of the tracked node.