Embodiments of a Network Manager (NM), a (NFVO), and methods of communication are disclosed herein. The NM may transfer, to the NFVO, an update NS request message to update the NS instance based on the new NSD. The NM may encode the update NS request message to include: an nsInstanceID parameter that identifies the NS instance, and an updateType parameter that indicates a type of update for the NS instance. One value of “AssocPnfWithPnfProfile” for the updateType parameter may indicate a request to associate the PNF of the NS instance with a new or updated PNF profile indicated by the new NSD. Another value of “AssocVnfWithVnfProfile” for the updateType parameter may indicate a request to associate the VNF of the NS instance with a new or updated VNF profile indicated by the new NSD.

Embodiments of a Network Manager (NM), a (NFVO), and methods of communication are disclosed herein. The NM may transfer, to the NFVO, an update NS request message to update the NS instance based on the new NSD. The NM may encode the update NS request message to include: an nsInstanceID parameter that identifies the NS instance, and an updateType parameter that indicates a type of update for the NS instance. One value of “AssocPnfWithPnfProfile” for the updateType parameter may indicate a request to associate the PNF of the NS instance with a new or updated PNF profile indicated by the new NSD. Another value of “AssocVnfWithVnfProfile” for the updateType parameter may indicate a request to associate the VNF of the NS instance with a new or updated VNF profile indicated by the new NSD.

A 5G network having a multi-path transport protocol (MPTP) proxy external to the user plane function (UPF). The session management function (SMF) provides address information of the external MPTP proxy to user equipment (UE) and distributes access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS)-related rules to the UE, the UPF, and the external MPTP proxy. The external MPTP proxy receives, from the UPF, (i) 3GPP uplink data transmitted by the UE via a 3GPP radio access network (RAN) and (ii) non-3GPP uplink data transmitted by the UE via a non-3GPP RAN, combines the 3GPP and non-3GPP uplink data to form network uplink data for a data network. The external MPTP proxy also divides received network downlink data into 3GPP downlink data and non-3GPP downlink data, and provides the 3GPP and non-3GPP downlink data to the UPF for transmission to the UE via the 3GPP RAN and the non-3GPP RAN, respectively.

A master RAN node (1) sends, to a control plane function (5) in a core network (4), a modification request for modification of a first PDU session already established between a radio terminal (3) and a user plane function (6) in the core network (4). The modification request implicitly or explicitly indicates that PDU session split is needed for the first PDU session. The modification request causes the control plane function (5) to control the user plane function (6) to move a specific one or more QoS flows of a plurality of QoS flows associated with the first PDU session from a first tunnel between the user plane function (6) and the master RAN node (1) to a second tunnel between the user plane function (6) and a secondary RAN node (2). This contributes, for example, to implementing PDU session split in a radio communication network.

The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5.sup.th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. A method for controlling a terminal in a base station of a mobile communication system, according to an embodiment of the present application, comprises the steps of: selecting at least one candidate terminal for offloading; obtaining information on a neighbor cell of at least one of the candidate terminals; obtaining throughput improvement information according to offloading on the basis of information on the candidate terminal and load information of the neighbor cell of the candidate terminal; obtaining information on a target cell corresponding to the candidate terminal on the basis of the throughput improvement information; selecting a target terminal to be offloaded from the candidate terminals on the basis of the throughput improvement information corresponding to the target cell; and transmitting, to the target terminal, a message instructing offloading to the target cell corresponding to the target terminal.

Embodiments herein relate to a method performed by a radio network node (12) for handling communication of data to a wireless device (10) in a wireless communication network (1). The radio network node (12) determines to transmit data associated with a first radio access technology, RAT, using a second RAT when a criterion is fulfilled, and triggers a transmission of the data to the wireless device (10) using the second RAT.

A master RAN node (1) sends, to a control plane function (5) in a core network (4), a modification request for modification of a first PDU session already established between a radio terminal (3) and a user plane function (6) in the core network (4). The modification request implicitly or explicitly indicates that PDU session split is needed for the first PDU session. The modification request causes the control plane function (5) to control the user plane function (6) to move a specific one or more QoS flows of a plurality of QoS flows associated with the first PDU session from a first tunnel between the user plane function (6) and the master RAN node (1) to a second tunnel between the user plane function (6) and a secondary RAN node (2). This contributes, for example, to implementing PDU session split in a radio communication network.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a first base station (BS) may receive, from a user equipment (UE), an overheating assistance information communication that indicates a maximum quantity of component carriers, combined between the first BS and a second BS, for the UE. The first BS may transmit, to the second BS, a request to reduce a quantity of component carriers of the second BS configured for the UE such that a total quantity of component carriers, between the first BS and the second BS, configured for the UE satisfies the maximum quantity of component carriers. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Provided is a method of data transmission. The method includes determining a current amount of data in an uplink buffer that is configured to store uplink data, wherein the uplink data in the uplink buffer is distributed through a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer; sending a Buffer Status Report (BSR) to a base station in the cellular network, wherein the BSR comprises a difference value between the current amount of data and an amount of the data to be transmitted by the second link, and wherein the base station is configured to allocate an uplink resource for the terminal based on the difference value; and transmitting uplink data to the correspondent node through the second link based on the amount of the data to be transmitted to the correspondent node by the second link.

This application provides a method and apparatus for controlling traffic steering and a communications system. In an implementation of the method for controlling traffic steering, the method is applicable to an RAN node and includes: traffic steering indication information is determined; and the traffic steering indication information is transmitted to UE, so that the UE steers corresponding traffic to a traffic steering target according to the traffic steering indication information. With the method, load balance between 3GPP RAN and WLAN at an RAN level may be ensured, and in comparison with an existing mechanism, user experiences and system performance are improved.