A semiconductor device including: a semiconductor element; and a first electrode formed on a first surface of the semiconductor element. The first electrode has a stacked structure including a first electroless Ni plating layer. The first electroless Ni plating layer contains nickel (Ni) and phosphorus (P) as a composition. A phosphorus (P) concentration of the first electroless Ni plating layer is 2.5 wt % to 6 wt % inclusive, and a crystallization rate of Ni.sub.3P in the first electroless Ni plating layer is 0% to 20% inclusive.

A semiconductor device including: a semiconductor element; and a first electrode formed on a first surface of the semiconductor element. The first electrode has a stacked structure including a first electroless Ni plating layer. The first electroless Ni plating layer contains nickel (Ni) and phosphorus (P) as a composition. A phosphorus (P) concentration of the first electroless Ni plating layer is 2.5 wt % to 6 wt % inclusive, and a crystallization rate of Ni.sub.3P in the first electroless Ni plating layer is 0% to 20% inclusive.

A semiconductor device includes a wiring board, a semiconductor chip, and a connecting member provided between a surface of the wiring board and a functional surface of the semiconductor chip. The connecting member extends a distance between the wiring board surface and the functional surface. A sealing material seals a gap space between the wiring board and the semiconductor chip. An electrode is formed at the wiring board surface and arranged outside of an outer periphery of the sealing material. A lateral distance between an outer periphery of the semiconductor chip and the outer periphery of the sealing material is between 0.1 mm and a lateral distance from the outer periphery of the semiconductor chip to the electrode.

An apparatus having a power converter circuit having a first active layer having a first set of active devices disposed on a face thereof, a first passive layer having first set of passive devices disposed on a face thereof, and interconnection to enable the active devices disposed on the face of the first active layer to be interconnected with the non-active devices disposed on the face of the first passive layer, wherein the face on which the first set of active devices on the first active layer is disposed faces the face on which the first set of passive devices on the first passive layer is disposed.

A thin stacked semiconductor device has a plurality of circuits that are laminated and formed sequentially in a specified pattern to form a multilayer wiring part. At the stage for forming the multilayer wiring part, a filling electrode is formed on the semiconductor substrate such that the surface is covered with an insulating film, a post electrode is formed on specified wiring at the multilayer wiring part, a first insulating layer is formed on one surface of the semiconductor substrate, the surface of the first insulating layer is removed by a specified thickness to expose the post electrode, and the other surface of the semiconductor substrate is ground to expose the filling electrode and to form a through-type electrode. A second insulating layer is formed on one surface of the semiconductor substrate while exposing the forward end of the through-type electrode, and bump electrodes are formed on both electrodes.

A transparent light emitting diode (LED) includes a plurality of III-nitride layers, including an active region that emits light, wherein all of the layers except for the active region are transparent for an emission wavelength of the light, such that the light is extracted effectively through all of the layers and in multiple directions through the layers. Moreover, the surface of one or more of the III-nitride layers may be roughened, textured, patterned or shaped to enhance light extraction.

A transparent light emitting diode (LED) includes a plurality of III-nitride layers, including an active region that emits light, wherein all of the layers except for the active region are transparent for an emission wavelength of the light, such that the light is extracted effectively through all of the layers and in multiple directions through the layers. Moreover, the surface of one or more of the III-nitride layers may be roughened, textured, patterned or shaped to enhance light extraction.

A semiconductor device includes a wiring board, a semiconductor chip, and a connecting member provided between a surface of the wiring board and a functional surface of the semiconductor chip. The connecting member extends a distance between the wiring board surface and the functional surface. A sealing material seals a gap space between the wiring board and the semiconductor chip. An electrode is formed at the wiring board surface and arranged outside of an outer periphery of the sealing material. A lateral distance between an outer periphery of the semiconductor chip and the outer periphery of the sealing material is between 0.1 mm and a lateral distance from the outer periphery of the semiconductor chip to the electrode.

A transparent light emitting diode (LED) includes a plurality of III-nitride layers, including an active region that emits light, wherein all of the layers except for the active region are transparent for an emission wavelength of the light, such that the light is extracted effectively through all of the layers and in multiple directions through the layers. Moreover, the surface of one or more of the III-nitride layers may be roughened, textured, patterned or shaped to enhance light extraction.

A back-illuminated type MOS (metal-oxide semiconductor) solid-state image pickup device 32 in which micro pads 34, 37 are formed on the wiring layer side and a signal processing chip 33 having micro pads 35, 38 formed on the wiring layer at the positions corresponding to the micro pads 34, 37 of the MOS solid-state image pickup device 32 are connected by micro bumps 36, 39. In a semiconductor module including the MOS type solid-state image pickup device, at the same time an image processing speed can be increased, simultaneity within the picture can be realized and image quality can be improved, a manufacturing process can be facilitated, and a yield can be improved. Also, it becomes possible to decrease a power consumption required when all pixels or a large number of pixels is driven at the same time.