A method and system to obtain and process data indicative of muscle reflexes for screening and/or diagnosing a patient with a brain injury or spinal cord injury, and especially for obtaining and processing data indicative of reflexes from the bulbospongiosus muscle. Certain embodiments employ a novel electromechanical probe for stimulating the bulbospongiosus muscle to identify a time of the stimulation so that electrical responses from electrodes on the patient's skin can be identified for analysis.

Process for monitoring a treatment on the human or animal body, in which, in the area of a nerve cord, current pulses of a specified pulse width are applied in the body and in the area of a muscle that is in communication with the nerve cord, voltage signals triggered by the current pulses are measured, in a preparatory step at least one criterion of voltage signals which are still measurable in response to current pulses being determined and during the treatment, the amplitude of the current pulses being adjusted in such a way that the voltage signals received in response thereto approximately satisfy the criterion.

Neuromuscular monitoring is described that uses a novel lead assembly and a monitor that can select the appropriate electrodes on the lead assembly and calibrate the stimulation signals applied to the patient through the lead assembly. The monitoring can also set a noise floor value to reduce the likelihood of an erroneous train of four ratio.

A motor response of a muscle to neural stimulation is assessed. Electrical stimuli are applied from a first electrode to a selected neural pathway to evoke an efferent neural response. A slow neural response upon the neural pathway evoked by the electrical stimuli is observed. Based on the slow neural response, a motor response of at least one muscle to the stimuli is assessed.

Apparatus for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a user, the apparatus comprising: a housing; an application unit for providing mechanical coupling between the housing and the user's body; a stimulation unit mounted to the housing for electrically stimulating at least one nerve with at least one stimulation pulse during a therapy session; and a determination unit mounted to the housing and configured to perform at least one of: (i) determining an activity level of the user; (ii) determining a gait characteristic of the user; (iii) determining a balance function of the user; and (iv) determining apparatus placement position on the user.

An eye sensor, system and method for measuring fixational eye movements of an individual's eyeball (e.g., ocular microtremors and microsaccades) to provide a variable voltage biosignal for measuring the individual's brain stem activity. The eye sensor comprises a sensor mounted on the individual's closed or opened eyelid so as to be deflected by the fixational eye movements of the eyeball. A shielded flexible ribbon assembly supplies the biosignal generated by the sensor to an amplifier located on the individual's skin where the biosignal is amplified. The amplifier is interconnected with a signal processor and a display by which graphical and numerical representations of the biosignal are made accessible to an anesthesiologist, intensivist or clinician. A method for analyzing the biosignal to determine the brainstem activity of a patient.

The present invention provides systems, methods, and articles for stress reduction and sleep promotion. A stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes at least one remote device and an article for temperature conditioning a surface. The stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes at least one body sensor, at least one remote server, and/or a pulsed electromagnetic frequency device in other embodiments.

Neuromuscular monitoring is described that uses a novel lead assembly and a monitor that can select the appropriate electrodes on the lead assembly and calibrate the stimulation signals applied to the patient through the lead assembly. The monitoring can also set a noise floor value to reduce the likelihood of an erroneous train of four ratio.

The present invention involves systems and methods for determining nerve proximity, nerve direction, and pathology relative to a surgical instrument based on an identified relationship between neuromuscular responses and the stimulation signal that caused the neuromuscular responses.

Neurostimulator devices are described comprising: a stimulation assembly connectable to a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to stimulate a spinal cord; one or more sensors; and at least one processor configured to modify at least one complex stimulation pattern deliverable by the plurality of electrodes by integrating data from the one or more sensors and performing a machine learning method implementing a Gaussian Process Optimization on the at least one complex stimulation pattern. Methods of use are also described.