Methods, structures, and systems are disclosed for biosensing and drug delivery techniques. In one aspect, a device for detecting an analyte and/or releasing a biochemical into a biological fluid can include an array of hollowed needles, in which each needle includes a protruded needle structure including an exterior wall forming a hollow interior and an opening at a terminal end of the protruded needle structure that exposes the hollow interior, and a probe inside the exterior wall to interact with one or more chemical or biological substances that come in contact with the probe via the opening to produce a probe sensing signal, and an array of wires that are coupled to probes of the array of hollowed needles, respectively, each wire being electrically conductive to transmit the probe sensing signal produced by a respective probe.

A microsensor and method of manufacture for a microsensor, comprising an array of filaments, wherein each filament of the array of filaments comprises a substrate and a conductive layer coupled to the substrate and configured to facilitate analyte detection. Each filament of the array of filaments can further comprise an insulating layer configured to isolate regions defined by the conductive layer for analyte detection, a sensing layer coupled to the conductive layer, configured to enable transduction, and a selective coating coupled to the sensing layer, configured to facilitate detection of specific target analytes/ions. The microsensor facilitates detection of at least one analyte present in a body fluid of a user interfacing with the microsensor.

Disclosed is a device for non-invasively sampling interstitial fluid including one or more analytes from dermis to the skin surface by employing the magneto-hydrodynamic effect and/or reverse iontophoresis. According to a preferable embodiment the device includes a first frame including a first electrode and a second frame including a second electrode, power source and preferably also a first magnet. The first frame is connected to the second frame by a formable connector adapted to provide mechanical connection between the first frame and the second frame and electrical connection between the power source and the first electrode. The direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the electric current produced by the magnet and the power source is such that the Lorenz force drives the fluid from the dermis towards the skin surface.

Systems, devices, and methods to measure interstitial concentration of selected compounds over time to provide early detection of shock are described. In an example method, interstitial fluid is obtained from a subject. Analytes are detected in the interstitial fluid. At least one of the analytes corresponds to hypoxia of a tissue of the subject and at least one other analyte corresponds to vascular permeability of the subject. The example method further includes determining whether the subject is in shock based on a computing model and the detected analytes and generating an alert based on whether the subject is in shock. Treatments can be administered following the alert generation.

Systems and methods for processing sensor analyte data are disclosed, including initiating calibration, updating calibration, evaluating clinical acceptability of reference and sensor analyte data, and evaluating the quality of sensor calibration. The sensor can be calibrated using a calibration set of one or more matched sensor and reference analyte data pairs. Reference data resulting from benchtop testing an analyte sensor prior to its insertion can be used to provide initial calibration of the sensor data. Reference data from a short term continuous analyte sensor implanted in a user can be used to initially calibrate or update sensor data from a long term continuous analyte sensor.

Methods and apparatuses for blood glucose measurement are provided. A first glucose concentration in a body fluid of a user is detected based on a first measurement interval. A first blood glucose level of the user is determined based on the first glucose concentration. A glucose concentration measurement interval is changed from the first measurement interval to a second measurement interval according to an occurrence of an event. A second glucose concentration in the body fluid is detected based on the second measurement interval. A second blood glucose level of the user is determined based on the second glucose concentration.

The present disclosure relates to a device, comprising a base and a plurality of microneedles attached to the base, wherein each microneedle has an outer surface; the outer surface of at least one microneedle being coated with a composition comprising at least one polymer and least one Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA). The present disclosure additionally relates to a method of detecting an analyte in interstitial fluid (ISF), comprising contacting the device to a subject, for example, to human skin.

A blood glucose detection device includes a carrier body, a flow-guiding actuator, a microneedle patch, a sensor and a controlling chip. The carrier body has a liquid guiding channel, a compressing chamber and a liquid storage chamber. The flow-guiding actuator seals the compressing chamber. The microneedle patch is attached on the carrier body and has plural hollow microneedles. The sensor is disposed within the liquid storage chamber. The controlling chip is disposed on the carrier body. The plural hollow microneedles puncture the skin of a human subject with minimal invasion. The controlling chip controls the flow-guiding actuator to actuate and the tissue fluid is sucked into the liquid storage chamber through the plural hollow microneedles, whereby the sensor detects the blood glucose of the tissue fluid to generate and transmit the measured data to the controlling chip. The controlling chip can generate monitoring information by calculating the measured data.

A method and a system are described, for managing a mouth therapy in the Parkinson's disease, through the analysis of the motion status of patients, wherein the motion status can be in one of the following phases: OFF phase, wherein Parkinson's symptoms, such as rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia, emerge; ON phase wherein the symptoms markedly improve; DIS phase wherein involuntary movements emerge, called dyskinesias; as detectors of the symptoms the following parameters are used: voice analysis; face analysis; tremor analysis; movement analysis; levodopa and metabolite levels of monoamines in the sub-cutaneous interstitial liquid of the patients; an algorithm being provided, which provides to the patient the daily therapeutic scheme with its relates administration dosages and inter-times, computed by using the parameters as detectors.

A microneedle device comprising a hollow microneedle protruding from the rim of an outer open holder can be used for the extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF). Dermal ISF can be extracted with the microneedle device with minimal pain and no blistering for human subjects. Extracted ISF volumes are sufficient for determining transcriptome and proteome signatures. Similar profiles in ISF, serum, and plasma samples, suggest that ISF can be a proxy for direct blood sampling. This minimally-invasive microneedle device enables real-time health monitoring applications using extracted ISF.