Improved sensor compositions comprising a dye are provided. The compositions are generally characterized by at least partially immobilizing the dye on polymeric microparticles and dispersing in a dispersion medium. The dye may comprise an oxygen, humidity, carbon dioxide, temperature, or pH-responsive dye. Also provided is a sensor patch comprising a substrate and the sensor composition comprising a dye.

A sensor, system, and method for detecting and correcting for an effect on an analyte indicator of an analyte sensor. The analyte indicator may be configured to exhibit a first detectable property that varies in accordance with an analyte concentration and an effect on (e.g., degradation of) the analyte indicator. The analyte sensor may also include an interferent indicator configured to exhibit a second detectable property (e.g., absorption) that varies in accordance the effect on the analyte indicator. The analyte sensor may generate (i) an analyte measurement based on the first detectable property exhibited by the analyte indicator and (ii) an interferent measurement based on the second detectable property exhibited by the interferent indicator. The analyte sensor may be part of a system that also includes a transceiver. The transceiver may use the analyte and interferent measurements to calculate an analyte level.

Disclosed are systems and methods for detecting analyte levels. These systems and methods may include a sensor configured for at least partial placement in an analyte-containing medium. The sensor may include one or more transducers and one or more diffusion barriers. The diffusion barriers may be arranged to delay diffusion of analyte to one transducer relative to another transducer. This delay may be used for purposes such as calculating and/or compensating for lag between a measured analyte level and a physiological analyte level of interest.

An earpiece module includes a physiological sensor, an external energy sensor, a transceiver, a communication module, a data storage component, and a power source. The communication module includes a microphone, a speaker, and a signal processor. The signal processor processes audio information received from a remote source via the transceiver and communicates the processed audio information to a subject via the speaker. The signal processor processes information in real time from the physiological sensor and the external energy sensor, and the signal processor provides biofeedback to the subject based on signals produced by the physiological sensor. The data storage component includes a plurality of algorithms. At least one algorithm focuses processing resources on extracting physiological information from the physiological sensor, at least one algorithm is configured to be modified or uploaded wirelessly via the transceiver, and at least one algorithm is a compression/decompression (CODEC) algorithm.

A continuous glucose monitoring system may include a hand-held monitor, a transmitter, an insulin pump, and an orthogonally redundant glucose sensor, which may comprise an optical glucose sensor and a non-optical glucose sensor. The former may be a fiber optical sensor, including a competitive glucose binding affinity assay with a glucose analog and a fluorophore-labeled glucose receptor, which is interrogated by an optical interrogating system, e.g., a stacked planar integrated optical system. The non-optical sensor may be an electrochemical sensor having a plurality of electrodes distributed along the length thereof. Proximal portions of the optical and electrochemical sensors may be housed inside the transmitter and operationally coupled with instrumentation for, e.g., receiving signals from the sensors, converting to respective glucose values, and communicating the glucose values. The sensors' distal portions may be inserted into a user's body via a single delivery needle and may be co-located inside the user's body.

Wearable apparatus for monitoring various physiological and environmental factors are provided. Real-time, noninvasive health and environmental monitors include a plurality of compact sensors integrated within small, low-profile devices, such as earpiece modules. Physiological and environmental data is collected and wirelessly transmitted into a wireless network, where the data is stored and/or processed.

An apparatus adapted to be worn at or near at least one ear of a subject includes a battery, a reflective pulse oximeter, a motion sensor, an analog-to-digital convertor configured to convert analog signals from the reflective pulse oximeter and the motion sensor into digitized information, a speaker, a digital memory device configured to store at least one algorithm for signal processing, a transceiver, and a signal processor. The signal processor is configured to process data from the reflective pulse oximeter to monitor cardiopulmonary functioning of the subject, process data from the motion sensor to monitor head and body motion, execute the at least one algorithm for assessing a health state of a subject, poll the reflective pulse oximeter and the motion sensor at certain time intervals to extend life of the battery, and process digital audio information into analog sounds to be presented to the subject via the speaker.

Disclosed are a method, device and system for determining total circulating blood volume (BV) using a minimally invasive technique.

Methods of treating a human subject exposed to radiation in space. The methods include the steps of administering to the subject in space a chlorophyll composition sufficient to provide at least about 0.15 μM of chlorophyll or its metabolites to the subject's bloodstream, and then exposing the subject in space to light having a wavelength of about 620 nm to about 760 nm and an intensity of about 5 W/m.sup.2 to about 1000 W/m.sup.2 for at least about 5 minutes. Methods for estimating the level of ubiquinol in the bloodstream of a subject having chlorophyll or chlorophyll metabolite in the bloodstream, which may be after treatment by the above methods, include the steps of exposing the subject's skin to light to induce fluorescence of the chlorophyll or chlorophyll metabolite, measuring the level of fluorescing chlorophyll or chlorophyll metabolite in the bloodstream using fluorescence spectroscopy, and correlating the level of fluorescing chlorophyll or chlorophyll metabolite to the level of ubiquinol using a predetermined scaling factor.

Method and system embodiments for controlling power provided to a device implantable in a subject are described. In some embodiments, a method is performed at the implantable device to receive, from an interrogator, powering ultrasonic waves having a wave power. Then, energy from the powering ultrasonic waves is converted into an electrical signal to power the implantable device. Information that indicates whether more power or less power should be transmitted to the implantable device is transmitted to the interrogator.