The technology disclosed can be implemented to construct devices with an array of optical elements to provide power to stimulate a biological process in a nerve system in living objects, and to provide patterned light outputs from the array of optical elements to indicate a corresponding electrical pattern monitored from the biological process in the nerve system. In one aspect a nerve stimulator apparatus is disclosed including a plurality of optical to electrical transducers arranged in a two-dimensional array, wherein each of the plurality of optical to electrical transducers is configured to convert light to an electrical signal; a plurality of electrodes, each electrode associated with one or more associated optical to electrical transducers; and a plurality of electrical interconnects to connect each of the plurality of electrodes to the one or more associated optical transducers. In another aspect nerve sensor apparatus is disclosed including a plurality of optical to electrical transducers; a plurality of optical sources; a plurality of electrodes, each electrode associated with one or more optical to electrical transducers, each optical source configured to modulate light output according to a voltage at one of the plurality of electrodes; and a plurality of electrical interconnects.

Separating a compound action potential from an artefact in a neural recording. A memory stores a set of basis functions comprising at least one compound action potential basis function and at least one artefact basis function. A neural recording of electrical activity in neural tissue is decomposed by determining at least one of a compound action potential and an artefact from the set of basis functions. An estimate is output of at least one of a compound action potential and an artefact.

Separating a compound action potential from an artefact in a neural recording. A memory stores a set of basis functions comprising at least one compound action potential basis function and at least one artefact basis function. A neural recording of electrical activity in neural tissue is decomposed by determining at least one of a compound action potential and an artefact from the set of basis functions. An estimate is output of at least one of a compound action potential and an artefact.

Disclosed herein are a neural signal feedback system and method. The neural signal feedback system includes: a microelectrode array unit configured such that a plurality of microelectrodes is disposed on a substrate and such that one microelectrode, which is a reference electrode, and corresponding electrode groups including other microelectrodes located at different same distances from the reference electrode are set; and an analysis and determination unit configured to compare neural signal values, measured in the microelectrode array unit, with a preset reference value, and to determine whether to apply the electrical stimulation of the microelectrode array unit. The analysis and determination unit performs re-measurement after the application of electrical stimulation, and repeats the application of electrical stimulation and measurement until the measured values reach the reference value.

The technology disclosed can be implemented to construct devices with an array of optical elements to provide power to stimulate a biological process in a nerve system in living objects, and to provide patterned light outputs from the array of optical elements to indicate a corresponding electrical pattern monitored from the biological process in the nerve system. In one aspect a nerve stimulator apparatus is disclosed including a plurality of optical to electrical transducers arranged in a two-dimensional array, wherein each of the plurality of optical to electrical transducers is configured to convert light to an electrical signal; a plurality of electrodes, each electrode associated with one or more associated optical to electrical transducers; and a plurality of electrical interconnects to connect each of the plurality of electrodes to the one or more associated optical transducers. In another aspect nerve sensor apparatus is disclosed including a plurality of optical to electrical transducers; a plurality of optical sources; a plurality of electrodes, each electrode associated with one or more optical to electrical transducers, each optical source configured to modulate light output according to a voltage at one of the plurality of electrodes; and a plurality of electrical interconnects.

The present invention relates to an integrated circuit for processing biosignals, a biosignal processing apparatus, and a biosignal processing system, and the integrated circuit includes: a digital conversion unit for converting an analog biosignal input through a biosignal input terminal into a digital biodata; and an AI block for processing a plurality of biodata converted through the digital conversion unit according to an artificial intelligence processing flow, and outputting a result data according to processing of the plurality of biodata.

An implantable device, or an associated computer program, for estimating a nerve conduction velocity. A stimulus is applied from one or more stimulus electrodes to a nerve. A digitised neural measurement of at least one compound action potential evoked by the at least one stimulus is obtained from one or more recording electrodes by measurement circuitry. The digitised neural measurement comprises a plurality of data sample points. The digitised neural measurement is processed in order to estimate within subsample precision a temporal position of a feature of interest of the compound action potential. From the estimated temporal position of the feature of interest, and from a propagation distance, a conduction velocity of the compound action potential is determined.

An implantable device, or an associated computer program, for estimating a nerve conduction velocity. A stimulus is applied from one or more stimulus electrodes to a nerve. A digitised neural measurement of at least one compound action potential evoked by the at least one stimulus is obtained from one or more recording electrodes by measurement circuitry. The digitised neural measurement comprises a plurality of data sample points. The digitised neural measurement is processed in order to estimate within subsample precision a temporal position of a feature of interest of the compound action potential. From the estimated temporal position of the feature of interest, and from a propagation distance, a conduction velocity of the compound action potential is determined.

Measuring a neural response to a stimulus comprises applying an electrical stimulus, then imposing a delay during which the stimulus electrodes are open circuited. During the delay, a neural response signal present at sense electrodes is measured with a measurement amplifier, while ensuring that an impedance between the sense electrodes is sufficiently large that a voltage arising on the sense electrode tissue interface in response to the stimulus is constrained to a level which permits assessment of the neural response voltage seen at the sense electrode. For example the input impedance to the measurement amplifier (ZIN) can be, where ZC is the sense electrode(s) constant phase element impedance, Vs1−Vs2 is the differential voltage arising on the sense electrode tissue interface, and VE is the neural response voltage seen at the sense electrode.

Measuring a neural response to a stimulus comprises applying an electrical stimulus, then imposing a delay during which the stimulus electrodes are open circuited. During the delay, a neural response signal present at sense electrodes is measured with a measurement amplifier, while ensuring that an impedance between the sense electrodes is sufficiently large that a voltage arising on the sense electrode tissue interface in response to the stimulus is constrained to a level which permits assessment of the neural response voltage seen at the sense electrode. For example the input impedance to the measurement amplifier (ZIN) can be, where ZC is the sense electrode(s) constant phase element impedance, Vs1−Vs2 is the differential voltage arising on the sense electrode tissue interface, and VE is the neural response voltage seen at the sense electrode.