The positive electrode active substance for a lithium secondary battery includes a mixture of a lithium cobalt composite oxide particle and an inorganic fluoride particle. The method for producing a positive electrode active substance for a lithium secondary battery includes a first step of subjecting a lithium cobalt composite oxide particle and an inorganic fluoride particle to a mixing treatment to thereby obtain a mixture of the lithium cobalt composite oxide particle and the inorganic fluoride particle. The lithium secondary battery uses, as a positive electrode active substance, the positive electrode active substance for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention.

A process for preparing a stable Li.sub.xMn.sub.2-yMe.sub.yO.sub.4-zCl.sub.z material with a MO.sub.b or MMn.sub.aO.sub.b charge transfer catalyst coating is provided, where Me is Fe, Co, or Ni and M is Bi, As, or Sb. In addition, a Li.sub.xMn.sub.2-yMe.sub.yO.sub.4-zCl.sub.z material with a MO.sub.b or MMn.sub.aO.sub.b charge transfer catalyst coating is provided. Furthermore, a lithium or lithium ion rechargeable electrochemical cell is provided, which includes a cathode material (in a positive electrode) containing a Li.sub.xMn.sub.2-yMe.sub.yO.sub.4-zCl.sub.z material with a MO.sub.b or MMn.sub.aO.sub.b charge transfer catalyst coating.

A process for preparing a stable Li.sub.xMn.sub.2-yMe.sub.yO.sub.4-zCl.sub.z material with a MO.sub.b or MMn.sub.aO.sub.b charge transfer catalyst coating is provided, where Me is Fe, Co, or Ni and M is Bi, As, or Sb. In addition, a Li.sub.xMn.sub.2-yMe.sub.yO.sub.4-zCl.sub.z material with a MO.sub.b or MMn.sub.aO.sub.b charge transfer catalyst coating is provided. Furthermore, a lithium or lithium ion rechargeable electrochemical cell is provided, which includes a cathode material (in a positive electrode) containing a Li.sub.xMn.sub.2-yMe.sub.yO.sub.4-zCl.sub.z material with a MO.sub.b or MMn.sub.aO.sub.b charge transfer catalyst coating.

Methods of pretreating an electroactive material comprising lithium titanate oxide (LTO) include contacting a surface of the electroactive material with a pretreatment composition. In one variation, the pretreatment composition includes a salt of lithium fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF.sub.6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF.sub.4), and combinations thereof, and a solvent. In another variation, the pretreatment composition includes an organophosphorus compound. In this manner, a protective surface coating forms on the surface of the electroactive material. The protective surface coating comprises fluorine, oxygen, phosphorus or boron, as well as optional elements such as carbon, hydrogen, and listed metals, and combinations thereof.

Methods of pretreating an electroactive material comprising lithium titanate oxide (LTO) include contacting a surface of the electroactive material with a pretreatment composition. In one variation, the pretreatment composition includes a salt of lithium fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF.sub.6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF.sub.4), and combinations thereof, and a solvent. In another variation, the pretreatment composition includes an organophosphorus compound. In this manner, a protective surface coating forms on the surface of the electroactive material. The protective surface coating comprises fluorine, oxygen, phosphorus or boron, as well as optional elements such as carbon, hydrogen, and listed metals, and combinations thereof.

A positive electrode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery which has high capacity and excellent charge and discharge cycle performance, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided, or a method of manufacturing a positive electrode material with high productivity is provided. The positive electrode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery includes a crystal represented by a crystal structure with a space group R-3m, a first region, and a second region, which is in contact with at least part of an outer side of the first region and whose outer edge corresponds to a surface of the first particle. The ratio of manganese atoms to cobalt atoms in the first region is lower than the ratio of manganese atoms to cobalt atoms in the second region. The ratio of fluorine atoms to oxygen atoms in the first region is lower than the ratio of fluorine atoms to oxygen atoms in the second region.

A method for forming a cathode includes milling a suspension of precursors via a micromedia mill to form a mixture of primary particles in the suspension. The precursors include one or more metal compounds. The method includes spray drying the suspension after the milling to form secondary particles. The secondary particles are agglomerations of the primary particles. The method also includes annealing the secondary particles to form a disordered rocksalt powder.

A method for forming a cathode includes milling a suspension of precursors via a micromedia mill to form a mixture of primary particles in the suspension. The precursors include one or more metal compounds. The method includes spray drying the suspension after the milling to form secondary particles. The secondary particles are agglomerations of the primary particles. The method also includes annealing the secondary particles to form a disordered rocksalt powder.

A positive electrode material, a positive electrode including the same, a lithium battery including the same, and a method of preparing the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method of preparing a positive electrode active material including forming a first coating layer on a surface of a lithium transition metal oxide represented by Formula 1 using a basic aqueous solution containing a coating element M.sup.1 (where M.sup.1 includes at least one selected from sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al)), dry-mixing the lithium transition metal oxide having the first coating layer formed on a surface thereof, and a raw material containing a coating element M.sup.2 (where M.sup.2 includes boron (B)) and heat treating the mixture to form a second coating layer.

A positive electrode active material contains a lithium composite oxide and a covering material. The lithium composite oxide has a crystal structure that belongs to space group Fd-3m. The ration I.sub.(111)/I.sub.(400) of a first integrated intensity I.sub.(111) of a first peak corresponding to a (111) plane to a second integrated intensity I.sub.(400) of a second peak corresponding to a (400) plane in an XRD pattern of the lithium composite oxide satisfies 0.05≤I.sub.(111)/I.sub.(400)≤0.90. The covering material has an electron conductivity of 10.sup.6 S/m or less.