Processes are described for the direct or indirect electrochemical alkaliation of an alkali metal deficient electrochemically active material. The processes include an electrolysis step either during the alkaliation of the alkali metal deficient electrochemically active material on an electrode current collector (direct) or during the regeneration of a reducing agent used for the alkaliation of the electrochemically active material (indirect).

This positive electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries is provided with a positive electrode core body and a positive electrode mixture layer that is formed on the surface of the positive electrode core body. The positive electrode mixture layer has a void fraction of from 23% by volume to 50% by volume; the positive electrode mixture layer contains at least a positive electrode active material, carbon nanotubes serving as a conductive assistant, and a polyvinylidene fluoride serving as a binder; the carbon nanotubes have a particle diameter of from 5 nm to 40 nm and an aspect ratio of from 100 to 1,000; the content of the carbon nanotubes in the positive electrode mixture layer is from 0.2% by mass to 5% by mass; and the number of polyvinylidene fluoride molecules contained per unit mass of the positive electrode mixture layer is from 0.005 to 0.030.

A method of manufacturing an all-solid-state battery electrode, an all-solid-state battery electrode manufactured by the method, and an all-solid-state battery including the electrode are disclosed. In the method, a specific type of binder included in the electrode is prepared in a fiber form by applying pressure to the binder under specific conditions, so that the fiber-form binder thus prepared has an average fineness that satisfies a specific range. Therefore, the all-solid-state battery including the electrode has an advantage of having high capacity even in the case of electrode thickening for high loading.

A polymer for an electrode protective layer including a polymer (A) including a fluorine-based polymer in which a monomer unit including poly(alkylene oxide) and a monomer unit including a curable functional group (e.g., a thermocurable functional group or a photocurable functional group) are grafted on the fluorine-based polymer, and when preparing an electrode by coating an electrode active material layer using the polymer and curing (e.g., thermally curing or photocuring) the result, excellent lithium ion conductivity is obtained since lithium ion flow is not inhibited, chemical resistance for an electrolyte liquid is high, and voltage stability of a secondary battery may be enhanced by suppressing side reactions with the electrolyte liquid occurring on an electrode active material surface due to properties of a uniform and flexible protective layer.

A negative electrode for a lithium metal battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium battery including the same. An adhesive layer including a binder and a conductive material between the negative current collector and the negative active material improves conductivity while also improving adherence between a negative current collector and a negative active material of the lithium battery.

A cathode composition for a lithium-ion cell or battery of the general formula: Li.sub.1+xMn.sub.1−xO.sub.2, wherein the composition is in the form of a single phase having a rock salt crystal structure such that an x-ray diffraction pattern of the composition has an absence of peaks below a 20 value of 35; and the value of x is greater than 0, and equal to or less than 0.3. The compound is also formulated into a positive electrode, or cathode, for use in an electrochemical cell.

A lithium-ion battery and an apparatus containing the same are provided. In some embodiments, the lithium-ion battery includes: a positive electrode plate including a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active substance layer; and an electrolyte including a non-aqueous organic solvent. A low-swelling adhesive layer and an oily adhesive layer are sequentially arranged between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active substance layer; the low-swelling adhesive layer includes a low-swelling binder, and the oily adhesive layer includes a first binder, where a solubility parameter SP.sub.1 of the low-swelling binder is less than a solubility parameter SP.sub.2 of the first binder.

A battery includes a housing, an electrolyte disposed in the housing, an anode disposed in the housing, and an electrode disposed in the housing and comprising an electrode material comprising manganese dioxide, and a conductive carbon coated with a metallic layer. The use of the conductive carbon coated with the metallic layer can help to control the effects of other ions such as zincate on the manganese dioxide during discharge or cycling of the battery.

The present invention is a technology for replacing a lithium ion secondary battery using an inorganic material, which is currently commercially available, and is a technology for constructing a secondary battery using an organic material as an electrode material. The organic electrode has a disadvantage in that the actual energy density is low because it has to include a large amount of carbon-based conductor in the electrode due to poor electrical conductivity. In order to overcome this drawback, in the present invention, the loading amount of the organic active material in the electrode is increased by filling the pores of the carbon structure body, such as porous activated carbon, with an organic electrode material and coating the outside of the carbon structure body with an organic electrode material. In addition, by using a carbon material current collector instead of the conventional metal current collector such as Al or Cu, a flexible and binder-free organic electrode was fabricated to increase the loading amount, reduce the weight of the battery, and improve the electrochemical properties.

A flexible Zn film electrode with ionic and electronic networks has been designed by utilizing ionic liquid based gel polymer as the binder, which can minimize the interface resistance between electrode and electrolytes. Ionic liquid electrolytes are good candidates for high surface area Zn anode due to their good electro(chemical) stability. Ionic liquid based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are good candidates to replace liquid electrolytes or separators in some special applications, like surface coating structure batteries.