Low-cost electrochemical energy storage devices having electrochemical cells containing zinc electrodes in aqueous electrolytes, which exhibit superior cycle performance, preferably comprise the following elements: (a) a cathode formed of manganese dioxide particles, preferably doped with at least one of magnesium, strontium, barium, calcium, and lanthanum, wherein the manganese dioxide particles preferably form at least one of (1) a delta manganese dioxide structure and (2) a todokorite manganese dioxide structure; (b) an anode formed of particles comprising zinc, wherein the particles are preferably treated with at least one of bismuth, indium, gallium, antimony, and tin; (c) a mixed ion electrolyte solution with a pH greater than or equal to three and less than or equal to seven, wherein the solution preferably comprises at least one monovalent salt and at least one divalent salt; and (d) a mesh as cathode current collector comprising at least one of titanium, stainless steel, tantalum, and niobium, wherein the mesh is preferably coated by an electrically conductive and yet oxidation resistant material comprising but not limited to carbon.

A method for processing a negative electrode plate, a sodium-metal negative electrode plate and related devices. In a vacuum environment, the metal vapor reacts with oxygen, and the metal oxide formed by the reaction is plated on the surface of the sodium-metal negative electrode plate to form a metal oxide protective layer with high mechanical strength and stable chemical properties. The metal oxide protective layer can greatly reduce the phenomenon of low yield and performance deterioration caused by the reaction of sodium metal with air and water during the processing of the sodium-metal negative electrode plate. Since the metal oxide has a nanoscale thickness, it can form a corresponding sodium salt with sodium metal under electrochemical conditions, thereby improving the sodium ion transport rate on the surface of the sodium-metal negative electrode plate and improving the battery’s kinetic performance.

An electrode structure for a battery includes a middle layer made of an electrically conductive perforated mesh having a top surface, a bottom surface, a plurality of interconnected electrically conductive segments and a plurality of perforations among adjacent ones of the interconnected segments. A top layer of an electrode material is disposed on the top surface, and a bottom layer of the electrode material is disposed on the bottom surface, such that the top and bottom layers are disposed in physical contact with each other through the perforations in the middle layer. A method of manufacturing the electrode structure includes providing the layer of perforated mesh, applying the top and bottom layers of electrode material to the top and bottom surfaces, and curing the top and bottom layers of electrode material using one or more of heat, electromagnetic radiation and convection to produce a layer of cured electrode structure.

Aspects of the disclosure include an electrode coating having a spatially varied porosity and a method of forming the same by using a porous current collector. An exemplary method can include forming a porous current collector having a bulk material and a plurality of voids. The porous current collector can be coated, infused, or otherwise saturated with an electrode coating having an active electrode material. The porous current collector and the electrode coating can be compressed in a calendering process to define the electrode film. The distribution of the plurality of voids in the porous current collector provides for regions of different calendering pressures during the calendering process. The regions of different calendering pressures leads to regions of higher and lower porosity in the resultant electrode film. In other words, an electrode film having a spatially varied porosity.

The invention relates to a grid arrangement for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator having a frame and a grid arranged thereon, wherein the frame comprises at least one upper frame element having a connecting lug of the battery electrode disposed on its side facing away from the grid, and wherein the grid is at least formed by horizontal bars, which are bars extending substantially horizontally, and vertical bars, which are bars extending substantially vertically, wherein at least some of the vertical bars are arranged at different angles to one another in the shape of a fan. The invention further relates to an accumulator.

The invention relates to a grid arrangement for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator having a frame and a grid arranged thereon, wherein the frame comprises at least one upper frame element having a connecting lug of the battery electrode disposed on its side facing away from the grid, and wherein the grid is at least formed by horizontal bars, which are bars extending substantially horizontally, and vertical bars, which are bars extending substantially vertically, wherein at least some of the vertical bars are arranged at different angles to one another in the shape of a fan. The invention further relates to an accumulator.

A preparation method of zinc-carbon composite electrode material for zinc ion energy storage device, which includes preparing a zinc-carbon composite negative electrode material, preparing an electrode paste, and preparing a battery electrode; the zinc-carbon composite negative electrode material provided in the present invention can enhance a capacity of the zinc ion energy storage device, enhance a cycle stability of the device, has strong expandability, significantly improves the performance of the zinc ion energy storage device, increases the energy density and prolong the service life, and is easy to be popularized on a large scale.

A preparation method of zinc-carbon composite electrode material for zinc ion energy storage device, which includes preparing a zinc-carbon composite negative electrode material, preparing an electrode paste, and preparing a battery electrode; the zinc-carbon composite negative electrode material provided in the present invention can enhance a capacity of the zinc ion energy storage device, enhance a cycle stability of the device, has strong expandability, significantly improves the performance of the zinc ion energy storage device, increases the energy density and prolong the service life, and is easy to be popularized on a large scale.

An engineered particle for an energy storage device, the engineered particle includes an active material particle, capable of storing alkali ions, comprising an outer surface, a conductive coating disposed on the outer surface of the active material particle, the conductive coating comprising a M.sub.xAl.sub.ySi.sub.zO.sub.w film; and at least one carbon particle disposed within the conductive coating. For the M.sub.xAl.sub.ySi.sub.zO.sub.w film, M is an alkali selected from the group consisting of Na and Li, and 1≤x≤4, 0≤y≤1, 1≤z≤2, and 3≤w≤6.

An engineered particle for an energy storage device, the engineered particle includes an active material particle, capable of storing alkali ions, comprising an outer surface, a conductive coating disposed on the outer surface of the active material particle, the conductive coating comprising a M.sub.xAl.sub.ySi.sub.zO.sub.w film; and at least one carbon particle disposed within the conductive coating. For the M.sub.xAl.sub.ySi.sub.zO.sub.w film, M is an alkali selected from the group consisting of Na and Li, and 1≤x≤4, 0≤y≤1, 1≤z≤2, and 3≤w≤6.