A fuel cell includes: a porous anode; and an electrolyte layer that is provided on the anode and includes solid oxide having oxygen ion conductivity, wherein the anode has a structure in which an anode catalyst is provided in a void, wherein, in a cross section of the anode and the electrolyte layer in a stacking direction thereof, an average void diameter of voids in the anode is 0.1 μm or more and 2 μm or less, wherein, in the cross section, a D10% diameter of void diameter distribution of the voids in the anode is 0.1 μm or mode and 2 μm or less, wherein a D90% diameter of the void diameter distribution is 1 μm or more and 7 μm or less.

In various embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell is fabricated in part by disposing a functional layer between the cathode and the solid electrolyte.

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) includes a cathode electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte, and an anode electrode having a first region located adjacent to a fuel inlet and a second region located adjacent to a fuel outlet. The anode electrode includes a cermet having a nickel containing phase and a ceramic phase. The first region of the anode electrode contains a lower ratio of the nickel containing phase to the ceramic phase than the second region of the anode electrode.

A method of manufacturing a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) includes removing a binder from the SOEC using microwave radiation while the SOEC is disposed in a first zone of a furnace, and sintering the SOEC while the SOEC is disposed in a second zone of the furnace.

An electrochemical cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode comprises a layered perovskite having the general formula: DAB.sub.2O.sub.5+δ, wherein D consists of two or more lanthanide elements; A consists of one or more of Sr and Ba; B consists of one or more of Co, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Nd; and δ is an oxygen deficit. The second electrode comprises a cermet material including at least one metal and at least one perovskite. Related structures, apparatuses, systems, and methods are also described.

In various embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell features a functional layer for reducing interfacial resistance between the cathode and the solid electrolyte.

A solid oxide fuel cell including a hydrocarbon reforming catalyst and a method for forming the solid oxide fuel cell are provided. An exemplary solid oxide fuel cell includes a cell. The cell includes a filled metal substrate including holes substantially filled with a permeable material that includes a hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, wherein the filled metal substrate has a front facing a fuel flow and a back facing an electrochemical stack. A permeable layer is formed on the back of the filled metal substrate that is in contact with the permeable material of the filled holes. The cell includes an anode layer proximate to the permeable layer, an electrolyte layer proximate to the anode layer, a diffusion barrier proximate to the anode layer, and a cathode proximate to the diffusion barrier.

The invention relates to solid oxide fuel cell anodes, in particular anodes which containing porous particles coated with catalytic nickel. The use of porous particles as a carrier for the nickel catalyst helps to overcome some of the redox stability issues experienced by some systems and improves the internal reforming properties of the system and permits less nickel to be used in SOFC systems.

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) assembly connectable to a source of a hydrocarbon fuel; said SOFC assembly comprises at least one SOFC. Each SOFC further comprises: (a) an anode support member having a nickel felt-made anode current collector; (b) an electrolyte layer disposed on the anode support member; and a cathode having a cathode current collector; the cathode disposed on said electrolyte layer. The nickel felt-made anode current collector is doped with Scandium.

A fuel cell system component ink includes a fuel cell system component powder, a solvent including propylene carbonate (PC), and a binder including polypropylene carbonate (PPC).