In one embodiment, a system includes a switch controller in communication with a plurality of switches in a switch cluster via a communication protocol. The switch controller includes a processor and logic integrated with and/or executable by the processor. The logic is configured to cause the processor to receive an address resolution protocol (ARP) request packet as a unicast packet from an entry switch in the switch cluster, the entry switch being connected to a first host. The logic is also configured to cause the processor to send an ARP response packet as a unicast packet to the entry switch. The ARP response packet indicates a media access control (MAC) address of the switch controller as a source MAC (SMAC) for the ARP response packet, and an internet protocol (IP) address of a virtual router of the switch controller as being a source of the ARP response packet.

A network system includes: a VXLAN region that is connected to a vEPC virtual network and in which encapsulation by VXLAN is performed; a PBB region in which encapsulation by PBB is performed; an edge router that belongs to the VXLAN region and is connected to an edge switch in the PBB region; and an edge switch that belongs to the PBB region and is connected to the edge router. The edge router performs conversion between a VNID of data encapsulated by the VXLAN and an intermediate CVID of decapsulated data exchanged with the edge switch, and the edge switch performs conversion between an ISID of data encapsulated by the PBB and the intermediate CVID.

A communication method for transmitting multicast data by using a same multicast user plane function (UPF) includes: a first session management function (SMF) obtains forwarding configuration information or quality of service (QoS) context information of multicast data, and sends, to a second SMF, first path information for establishing a transmission path for multicast data transmission between a multicast UPF and a unicast UPF, or second path information for establishing a transmission path between the multicast UPF and an access network device.

A technology for a user equipment (UE) in a multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) heterogeneous network (HetNet) that is operable to receive node-selection pricing information from a plurality of nodes in the multi-RAT HetNet. Effective normalized rate can be determined for the plurality of nodes in the multi-RAT HetNet using the node-selection pricing information. A node can be selected to communicate with in the multi-RAT HetNet to maximize a selected preference based on the effective normalized rate.

A method and system for supporting a cross-domain communication session between communication platforms using a bridge server are provided. In one example, the method includes registering the bridge server with multiple platforms using a user identifier. A request is received from one of the platforms to establish a communication session with a user corresponding to the user identifier. A communication leg is created for each of the platforms. The leg from which the request was received is an incoming leg and the other legs are outgoing legs. The request is sent over the outgoing legs. An acceptance is received from one of the outgoing legs. A cancel message is sent over the outgoing legs from which the acceptance was not received. The acceptance is sent over the incoming leg. The incoming leg and the outgoing leg from which the acceptance was received are bridged to establish the session.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a self-optimizing network (SON) coordination module that includes a conflict detection module configured to receive operational information from at least one capacity and coverage optimization (CCO) module and at least one of an energy savings management (ESM) and/or a cell outage compensation (COC) module, wherein the at least one CCO module and the at least one of the ESM module and/or the COC module are associated with at least one eNodeB (eNB) in communication with the conflict detection module. The conflict detection module is configured to determine a conflict between operational information of the CCO module and at least one of the ESM module and/or the COC module. The SON coordination module also includes a conflict resolution module configured to resolve a conflict between the operational information of the CCO module and at least one of the ESM module and/or the COC module based on, at least in part, one or more conflict resolution rules.

Implementing multicast transmission over bonded broadband provides a communication network comprising a plurality of routers having the ability to route multicast streams: a multicast stream splitter receiving a multicast stream and arranged in operation to split the multicast stream into a plurality of multicast sub-streams and to transmit the plurality of multicast streams. The plurality of routers receive the multicast sub-streams and replicate them in dependence upon downstream routers subscribed to the sub-streams. One or more bonding routers serve a single customer serving a plurality of fixed or wireless broadband connections having a respective capacity. Each bonding router subscribes to one or more of the plurality of multicast sub-streams in dependence upon the respective capacity of the plurality of connections; wherein the one or more bonding routers serving a single customer aggregate the plurality of multicast sub-streams to form a single multicast stream for use by the customer.

A broadcast receiving apparatus and a signal processing method thereof are provided. The broadcast receiving apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a data stream comprising a plurality of physical layer pipes (PLPs); a demodulator configured to output at least one generic packet corresponding to each of the plurality of PLPs and additional information on the at least one generic packet by demodulating the plurality of PLPs; and a signal processor configured to process the at least one generic packet based on the output additional information.

An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling, start position information of Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) and time interleaver information shared by the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a self-optimizing network (SON) coordination module that includes a conflict detection module configured to receive operational information from at least one capacity and coverage optimization (CCO) module and at least one of an energy savings management (ESM) and/or a cell outage compensation (COC) module, wherein the at least one CCO module and the at least one of the ESM module and/or the COC module are associated with at least one eNodeB (eNB) in communication with the conflict detection module. The conflict detection module is configured to determine a conflict between operational information of the CCO module and at least one of the ESM module and/or the COC module. The SON coordination module also includes a conflict resolution module configured to resolve a conflict between the operational information of the CCO module and at least one of the ESM module and/or the COC module based on, at least in part, one or more conflict resolution rules.