A system for producing electrodes for lead-acid batteries is disclosed. An electrode that has been produced comprises at least one upper and/or one lower frame element as well as a lattice-shaped region that extends away from said upper or lower frame element and has a plurality of openings, the upper and/or lower frame element being of a greater thickness than the lattice-shaped region. Said system comprises the steps of: a) producing a profiled strip-shaped blank using a casting method in which the strip-shaped blank is formed, solely by means of said casting method, to have a greater thickness on one side in at least one of the regions which should eventually form the upper or lower frame element, than the thickness in regions which should eventually form the lattice-shaped region, and b) producing said lattice-shaped region with the openings in a subsequent expanded metal process.

Nickel electrodes having high mechanical stability and advantageous electrochemical properties, in particular, enhanced gas evolution in water electrolysis, are described. These electrodes comprising electrically conductive nickel wire mesh or a lattice-like nickel expanded metal webs, and a layer of mutually adherent nanoporous nickel particles applied only to either the nickel mesh wires or the nickel expanded metal webs, obtainable by partially reducing the spherical nickel hydroxide particles in a reducing atmosphere between 270 to 330° C. to obtain partially reduced, spherical Ni/NiO particles, producing a paste from the Ni/NiO particles, an organic and/or inorganic binder, a surfactant and, optionally, additional adjuvants, applying the paste as a coating to the electrically conductive nickel mesh or nickel expanded metal, and annealing the coated nickel mesh or nickel expanded metal in a reducing atmosphere at 500 to 800° C. A method for manufacturing the nickel electrode is also described.

This disclosure relates to a rechargeable battery cell comprising an active metal, at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, a housing and an electrolyte, the positive electrode being designed as a high-voltage electrode and the electrolyte being based on SO.sub.2 and at least one first conducting salt having the formula (I),

##STR00001##

M being a metal selected from the group formed by alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metals of group 12 of the periodic table of the elements, and aluminum; x being an integer from 1 to 3; the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 being selected independently of one another from the group formed by C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl and C.sub.5-C.sub.14 heteroaryl; and Z being aluminum or boron.

This disclosure relates to a rechargeable battery cell comprising an active metal, at least one positive electrode having a discharge element, at least one negative electrode having a discharge element, a housing and an electrolyte, the negative electrode comprising metallic lithium at least in the charged state of the rechargeable battery cell and the electrolyte being based on SO.sub.2 and comprising at least one first conducting salt which has the formula (I),

##STR00001## M being a metal selected from the group formed by alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metals of group 12 of the periodic table of the elements, and aluminum; x being an integer from 1 to 3; the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 being selected independently of one another from the group formed by C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl and C.sub.5-C.sub.14 heteroaryl; and Z being aluminum or boron.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a current collector that has high strength and is easily impregnated with an electrolyte. This current collector is provided with an opening formation portion provided with a plurality of openings, the current collector being characterized in that a protruding portion is formed at the tip of each opening, and only partial locations of the opening formation portion reach an end surface of the current collector and the other locations thereof do not reach the end surface.

This disclosure relates to a rechargeable battery cell comprising an active metal, at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, a housing and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising at least one polyanionic compound as an active material and the electrolyte being based on SO.sub.2 and comprising at least one first conducting salt which has the formula (I),

##STR00001##

M being a metal selected from the group formed by alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metals of group 12 of the periodic table of the elements, and aluminum; x being an integer from 1 to 3; the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 being selected independently of one another from the group formed by C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl and C.sub.5-C.sub.14 heteroaryl; and Z being aluminum or boron.

This disclosure relates to a rechargeable battery cell, comprising: an active metal; at least one positive electrode; at least one negative electrode comprising an active material selected from the group consisting of an insertion material made of carbon, an alloy-forming active material, an intercalation material which does not comprise carbon, and a conversion active material; an SO.sub.2 based electrolyte comprising a first conducting salt which has the formula (I),

##STR00001##

wherein: M is a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metals of group 12 of the periodic table of the elements, and aluminum; x is an integer from 1 to 3; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl and C.sub.5-C.sub.14 heteroaryl; and Z is aluminum or boron.

This disclosure relates to a rechargeable battery cell having an active metal, at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, a housing and an electrolyte, the positive electrode comprising at least one compound in the form of a layered oxide as an active material and the electrolyte being based on SO.sub.2 and comprising at least one first conducting salt which has the formula (I),

##STR00001##

M being a metal selected from the group formed by alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, metals of group 12 of the periodic table of the elements, and aluminum; x being an integer from 1 to 3; the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 being selected independently of one another from the group formed by C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl and C.sub.5-C.sub.14 heteroaryl; and Z being aluminum or boron.

Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of improved electrode plate and separator assemblies (400) for lead acid batteries, improved lead acid cells or batteries incorporating the improved assemblies, systems or vehicles incorporating the improved assemblies (400) and/or batteries (100), and methods related thereto. The electrode plate (200, 201) may have a grid (202) of a stamped, cast, or expanded metal manufacturing process. The grid (202) may have a non-uniform application of active material (203). The separators (300) preferably provide a support structure for resisting or mitigating any plate warping or plate deflection.

Systems and methods for anisotropic expansion of silicon-dominant anodes may include a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, where the anode may include a current collector and an active material on the current collector. An expansion of the anode during operation may be configured by a roughness and/or thickness of the current collector, a metal used for the current collector, and/or a lamination process that adheres the active material to the current collector. The expansion of the anode may be more anisotropic for thicker current collectors. A thicker current collector may be 10 m thick or greater. The expansion of the anode may be more anisotropic for more rigid materials used for the current collector. A more rigid current collector may include nickel and a less rigid current collector may include copper. The expansion of the anode may be more anisotropic for a rougher surface current collector.