Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered by implanting a plurality of sets of implantable electrode elements within a person's body. Temperature sensors positioned to measure the temperature at the electrode elements are also implanted, along with a circuit that collects temperature measurements from the temperature sensors. In some embodiments, an AC voltage generator configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements is also implanted within the person's body.

Apparatus, consisting of a probe, containing a lumen and having a distal end configured to contact tissue of a living subject. A temperature sensor is located at the distal end, and a pump, having a pump motor, is coupled to deliver a cryogenic fluid through the lumen to the distal end of the probe and to receive the cryogenic fluid returning from the probe. There is a separator, coupled to separate the returning cryogenic fluid into a returning cryogenic liquid and a returning cryogenic gas, and a flow meter, coupled to measure a rate of flow of the returning cryogenic gas. A processor is configured to control a rate of pumping of the pump motor in response to a temperature measured by the temperature sensor and the rate of flow of the returning cryogenic gas.

A system for controlling operation of a radiofrequency treatment device to apply radiofrequency energy to tissue to treat tissue to create lesions without ablating the tissue. The system includes a first treatment device having a plurality of electrodes. The electrodes are maintained in axial alignment and fixed radial spacing in retracted and extended positions. The device includes a basket having a plurality of arms. The arms are maintained in a fixed radial spacing in the collapsed position of the basket.

Disclosed are a detection mechanism, a radio-frequency ablation catheter, and a radio-frequency ablation system. The radio-frequency ablation catheter includes a handle portion, a needle tube portion, a central electrode, and a detection mechanism. The needle tube portion includes a first tube and a second tube, the handle portion includes a cylinder sleeve and a sliding button, the central electrode includes an electrode body, an electrode wire, and an electrode connector, and the detection mechanism includes a fixing base, a pulling string, a connecting base, and multiple detection electrodes arranged in a claw-shaped configuration. A distal end of the pulling string is fixed to the fixing base, and a proximal end of the pulling string is fixed to the sliding button; and the detection electrodes are fixed to the fixing base, and slidably provided in the connecting base.

Described herein are various implementations of systems and methods for accessing and modulating tissue (for example, systems and methods for accessing and ablating nerves or other tissue within or surrounding a vertebral body to treat chronic lower back pain). Assessment of vertebral endplate degeneration or defects (e.g., pre-Modic changes) to facilitate identification of treatment sites and protocols are also provided in several embodiments. Several embodiments comprise the use of biomarkers to confirm or otherwise assess ablation, pain relief, efficacy of treatment, etc. Some embodiments include robotic elements for, as an example, facilitating robotically controlled access, navigation, imaging, and/or treatment.

A patient isolator for a microwave generator includes a DC block grounded to a microwave module of the microwave generator, a proximal absorber wrapped around a proximal portion of the DC block, and a distal absorber wrapped around a distal portion of the DC block and separated from the proximal absorber by a gap.

Devices, systems, and methods to verify a magnetic field phase drift and to check for proper function of a laser fiber cooling system during laser ablation therapy are disclosed. The laser fiber cooling system includes a cooling catheter insertable into laser ablation target tissue, a coupling assembly to define fluid channels, inflow and outflow ports, a fluid pump to pump fluid through the laser fiber cooling system, a fluid source, a first sensor to measure an inflow fluid parameter, a second sensor to measure an outflow fluid parameter, and a processor. Methods of verifying and checking include measuring the fluid parameter, comparing the inflow and outflow parameter measurements to determine a comparison value, comparing the comparison value to a tolerance range, and signaling a user when the comparison value is outside of the tolerance range.

It is possible to highly precisely determine a surface temperature of a balloon. A balloon catheter includes: a balloon; an outer cylinder shaft connected to a proximal end of the balloon; an inner cylinder shaft passing through the outer cylinder shaft to extend into the balloon to be connected to a distal end of the balloon; and a heating component disposed in the balloon for heating a liquid in the balloon. A liquid delivery path in communication with the balloon is formed between the outer cylinder shaft and the inner cylinder shaft. A temperature sensor is disposed in the liquid delivery path.

An electrophysiological information processing system may be configured to acquire electrophysiological information indicating sensed electrophysiological activity produced within a patient body, the electrophysiological activity sensed via at least a first transducer. Temperature information may be received indicating temperature at least proximate the first transducer. The electrophysiological information may be modified in accordance with the received temperature information, and the modified electrophysiological information may be output.

Devices, systems, and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmia are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein deliver interrogating energy to tissue at a position on a wall of an anatomical structure of a patient. If the devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein detect a change in electrical activity of the anatomical structure in response to the interrogating energy, the devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein can apply irreversible therapy to the tissue. In some embodiments, the change in electrical activity corresponds to slowing or termination of a detected arrhythmia.