A device for reducing foreign body response in a subject caused by an electrode implanted in a subject's tissue. A base is secured to the subject, having a base aperture in proximity to the target site. The base can receive and align a body thereon. A body contains a chamber extending between a chamber aperture, aligned with the base aperture, at one end and a chamber opening at an opposite end. The chamber contains an acoustic coupling medium, such as polyvinyl alcohol cryogel, transmits acoustic vibrations from a transducer without altering their frequency. The transducer is mounted to the device and is configured to transmit acoustic vibrations into the chamber and through said acoustic coupling medium to the subject tissue at the target site, creating an acoustic field in the target site sufficient to reduce foreign body response in the subject where the electrode contacts the target tissue.

The disclosed systems and methods include a neuromodulation system including at least one neuromodulation device, at least one neuromodulation pattern storage means, and at least one neuromodulation controller. The neuromodulation pattern storage means can store neuromodulation data. The neuromodulation data can specify neurostimulation with at least one of a carrying frequency of at least 1 kHz or multipolar stimulation. The neuromodulation device can provide neuromodulation according to the neuromodulation data.

A trocar assembly comprises an elongate shaft, a piercing tip at a distal end of the shaft, a handle at a proximal end of the shaft, and a retaining member. When a passer tube is positioned over the shaft, the retaining member engages with an inner surface or an outer surface of the passer tube to retain a position of the passer tube over the shaft.

The problem of a potentially high amount of supra-threshold charge passing through the patient's tissue at the end of an Implantable Pulse Generator (IPG) program is addressed by circuitry that periodically dissipates only small amount of the charge stored on capacitances (e.g., DC-blocking capacitors) during a pulsed post-program recovery period. This occurs by periodically activating control signals to turn on passive recovery switches to form a series of discharge pulses each dissipating a sub-threshold amount of charge. Such periodic pulsed dissipation may extend the duration of post-program recovery, but is not likely to be noticeable by the patient when the programming in the IPG changes from a first to a second program. Periodic pulsed dissipation of charge may also be used during a program, such as between stimulation pulses.

An example of a system for programming neurostimulation according to a stimulation configuration may include stimulation configuration circuitry, volume definition circuitry, stimulation effect circuitry, and recording circuitry. The stimulation configuration circuitry may be configured to determine the stimulation configuration. The volume definition circuitry may be configured to determine stimulation field model(s) (SFM(s)) each representing a volume of tissue activated by the neurostimulation. The stimulation effect circuitry may be configured to determine a stimulation effect type for each tagging point specified for the SFM(s) and to tag the SFM(s) at each tagging point with the stimulation effect type determined for that tagging point. The stimulation effect type for each tagging point is a type of stimulation resulting from the neurostimulation as measured at that tagging point. The recording circuitry may be configured to generate SFM data representing the determined SFM(s) with the stimulation effect type tagged at each tagging point.

A system and method for altering bone growth on and within an orthopedic implant that includes an implant body; a plurality of electrodes, wherein each electrode is at least partially embedded in the implant body, and comprises: a set of primary electrodes comprising at least one electrode, wherein a non-embedded segment of each primary electrode is proximal to a bone growth region, a set of secondary electrodes comprising at least one electrode, wherein a non-embedded segment of each secondary electrode is distal to the bone growth region, and wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to function in a stimulation operating mode, such that a subset of primary electrodes function as cathodes and a subset of secondary electrodes function as anodes; a control system comprising a processor, and circuitry that connects to the plurality of electrodes; and a power system.

A method (of treating a patient who has tinnitus) includes: providing to the patient a series of tones including at least a single tone which is at least a half-octave outside a tinnitus frequency of the patient; and applying vagus nerve stimulation to the patient to induce a period of plasticity in a cortex of the patient that is transitory and that represents a transitory opportunity for learning to occur; and wherein the at least a single tone occurs during the transitory opportunity for learning.

The present disclosure relates to a system for generating a predefined electrical signal in an MR scanner for use in electrical stimulation of a subject during MRI or functional MRI of said subject, wherein said MR scanner is located inside a shielded MRI room. The system comprises a control unit to be located outside the MRI room for generating an electrical signal and an electrical to optical converter to be located outside the MRI room for converting said electrical signal to a corresponding optical signal. An optical transmitting element, such as an optical fiber, is used for transmitting the optical signal into the MRI room, and an optical to electrical converter is used for converting the optical signal to said predefined electrical signal for electrical stimulation of the subject during magnetic resonance imaging. The optical to electrical converter is configured for being located inside the MRI room and for operation during magnetic resonance imaging.

A method of applying a neural stimulus with an implanted electrode array involves applying a sequence of stimuli configured to yield a therapeutic effect while suppressing psychophysical side effects. The stimuli sequence is configured such that a first stimulus recruits a portion of the fibre population, and a second stimulus is delivered within the refractory period following the first stimulus and the second stimulus being configured to recruit a further portion of the fibre population. Using an electrode array and suitable relative timing of the stimuli, ascending or descending volleys of evoked responses can be selectively synchronised or desynchronised to give directional control over responses evoked.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for electrically modulating tissue. Systems can include a current generator; at least one implantable working electrode, the at least one implantable working electrode configured to be in electrical communication with the current generator; at least one indifferent electrode; and a controller configured to signal the current generator to: generate a set of currents with a set of initial polarities to be delivered to the working electrodes; and wherein the at least one indifferent electrode absorbs a bias current which is equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity to a summation of the set of currents.