A method for achieving super-resolution in localizing electrical fields measured at the head surface with electroencephalography through a generative model of the cerebral cortex that has a very high resolution of cortical surface dipoles constructed from the known properties of human cerebral cortex and adapted to optimize the Bayesian explanation the individual's cortical surface electrical fields. The iterative optimization of the prior (generative) with the posterior (observed) fields with extensive data from extended recordings provides a probabilistic estimation of the individual's functional brain activity that can be used to train artificial neural network approximations of the individual's mental activity.

In order to enable more accurate calibration of brain, there is provided a system for creating a hemodynamic brain atlas for calibration of brain hemodynamics. The system comprises a non-invasive transcranial neurostimulation device, a non-invasive neuromonitoring device, and a computing device. The non-invasive transcranial neurostimulation device is configured to induce neuronal activity to evoke a hemodynamic response in a target region of interest (ROI) of a brain of a human subject. The non-invasive neuromonitoring device is configured to monitor the evoked hemodynamic response in the target ROI. The computing device configured to determine a set of parameters representing a hemodynamic response function, HRF, of the evoked hemodynamic response in the target ROI, and to associate the set of parameters of the HRF with the target ROI to form the hemodynamic brain atlas.

In order to enable more accurate calibration of brain, there is provided a system for creating a hemodynamic brain atlas for calibration of brain hemodynamics. The system comprises a non-invasive transcranial neurostimulation device, a non-invasive neuromonitoring device, and a computing device. The non-invasive transcranial neurostimulation device is configured to induce neuronal activity to evoke a hemodynamic response in a target region of interest (ROI) of a brain of a human subject. The non-invasive neuromonitoring device is configured to monitor the evoked hemodynamic response in the target ROI. The computing device configured to determine a set of parameters representing a hemodynamic response function, HRF, of the evoked hemodynamic response in the target ROI, and to associate the set of parameters of the HRF with the target ROI to form the hemodynamic brain atlas.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems that provide paralyzed individuals with more meaningful autonomy and independence. Including BCI systems used by an individual that requires less assistance from, or even in the absence of, a care giver, BCI systems that provide an objective and functional measurement of the effectiveness of a motor neuroprostheses in restoring motor outputs.

An electrical stimulation system includes an implantable control module configured and arranged for implantation in a body of a patient. The implantable control module includes a processor that generates and delivers electrical stimulation pulses or pulse bursts at a pathological frequency or with a temporal separation between pulses or pulse bursts individually selected based on a pre-determined distribution function based on a pre-selected pathological frequency.

Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to systems for locating a peripheral nerve, which include a plurality of electrodes operational to be actuated independently of other electrodes and base area anchoring the plurality of electrodes. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of locating a fascicle or a portion of a fascicle of a peripheral nerve by (1) electrically stimulating different regions of the peripheral nerve; (2) detecting activity from the stimulated regions; and (3) correlating the detected activity from the stimulated regions to the presence of a fascicle or a portion of a fascicle at the stimulated regions. The methods of the present disclosure may also include steps of (4) generating a map of fascicles in the peripheral nerve and (5) implanting electrodes into the located fascicles.

Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to systems for locating a peripheral nerve, which include a plurality of electrodes operational to be actuated independently of other electrodes and base area anchoring the plurality of electrodes. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of locating a fascicle or a portion of a fascicle of a peripheral nerve by (1) electrically stimulating different regions of the peripheral nerve; (2) detecting activity from the stimulated regions; and (3) correlating the detected activity from the stimulated regions to the presence of a fascicle or a portion of a fascicle at the stimulated regions. The methods of the present disclosure may also include steps of (4) generating a map of fascicles in the peripheral nerve and (5) implanting electrodes into the located fascicles.

A neuromodulation system and method. An implantable electrode array comprises a plurality of electrodes. A stimulus source provides neural stimuli delivered via stimulus electrodes to neural tissue to evoke neural responses. Measurement circuitry captures signal windows sensed from the neural tissue subsequent to each stimulus. A control unit controls the neural stimuli according to a stimulus intensity parameter. A processor introduces a perturbation to the parameter from a baseline stimulus intensity. A time series of intensities of the evoked neural responses is obtained. from which a time series of estimates of at least one physiological characteristic of the neural tissue is obtained. Each physiological characteristic being variable as a result of a posture wave. A baseline value of each physiological characteristic is estimated from the time series of estimates of each physiological characteristic.

Apparatus and methods are described including driving a coil to apply a magnetic stimulation to a subject's brain, and receiving a magnetic-stimulation-evoked-potential signal from electrodes that are placed in contact with the subject's head. A slope of a late portion of a curve of the magnetic-stimulation-evoked-potential signal is measured. At least partially in response to detecting an indication that the slope of the late portion of the curve of the magnetic-stimulation-evoked-potential signal is below a given threshold, an output is generated that is indicative of the subject being at risk of dementia. Other applications are also described.

Apparatus and methods are described including driving a coil to apply a magnetic stimulation to a subject's brain, and receiving a magnetic-stimulation-evoked-potential signal from electrodes that are placed in contact with the subject's head. A slope of a late portion of a curve of the magnetic-stimulation-evoked-potential signal is measured. At least partially in response to detecting an indication that the slope of the late portion of the curve of the magnetic-stimulation-evoked-potential signal is below a given threshold, an output is generated that is indicative of the subject being at risk of dementia. Other applications are also described.