Systems, devices, and methods for using vagus nerve stimulation to treat demyelination disorders and/or disorder of the blood brain barrier are described. The vagus nerve stimulation therapy described herein is configured to reduce or prevent demyelination and/or promote remyelination to treat various disorders related to demyelination, such as multiple sclerosis. A low duty cycle stimulation protocol with a relatively short on-time and a relatively long off-time can be used.

A neuromodulation system is described in which electrodes are mounted within a neural interface device configured to include elastic self-pulsatile or IPG-controlled pneumatic/hydraulic collars in a distal end of the system. One or more electrodes are mounted in each collar. Each collar is connected to an implanted pulse generator (IPG) at the proximal end of the neuromodulation system via a lead body that includes pneumatic/hydraulic lines to the collars and electrical wiring to the electrodes. Gas or fluid pressure supplied to each collar can be controlled by one or more precision step motors inside the IPG. Proximal connectors to the lead body have one or more gas or liquid (biocompatible) reservoirs whose pressure is individually or collectively controlled by the one or more precision motors inside the IPG. The IPG can drive one common or multiple independent precision motors lined around each reservoir to drive one or more collars in the neural interface device.

An implant system includes an electrode portion comprising plural electrodes to perform nerve stimulation and nerve sensing, an impedance controller configured to selectively connect the plural electrodes between a stimulator to perform nerve stimulation and a sensor to perform nerve sensing based on a control signal, and set an impedance of each of the plural electrodes, and a processor configured to control a contact impedance by the plural electrodes by generating the control signal to control at least one of plural switches connected respectively to the plural electrodes, or variable resistors connected respectively to the plural electrodes, based on at least one of a selectively set purpose of the plural electrodes or a position of an electrode to which nerve stimulation is to be provided.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) or Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) can be treated using high frequency (HF) electrostimulation. This can include selecting or receiving a subject presenting with RLS or PLMD. At least one electrostimulation electrode can be located at a location associated with at least one of, or at least one branch of, a sural nerve, a peroneal nerve, or a femoral nerve. HF electrostimulation can be delivered to the subject, which can include delivering subsensory, subthreshold, AC electrostimulation at a frequency that exceeds 500 Hz and is less than 15,000 Hz to the location to help reduce or alleviate the one or more symptoms associated with RLS or PLMD. A charge-balanced controlled-current HF electrostimulation waveform can be used.

A method of manufacturing an implantable lead including a cuff is disclosed. The method includes partially curing a first silicone electrode cover, embedding electrodes within the first silicone electrode cover, partially curing a second silicone electrode cover, placing the first silicone electrode in a face-to-face relationship with the second silicone electrode cover to form an assembly, forming the assembly into a desired shape against a shim, placing an assembly within a canister to control an outer expansion, and curing the assembly.

An extravascular neural interface is disclosed including a device containing electrodes for neurostimulation of a vessel. The devices are housed in flexible substrates forming two flaps, an inner flap having a spinal portion for routing leads/conductors into the device for connection to the electrodes and an outer flap that overlaps the inner flap. The inner flap supports and positions the electrodes to be inward facing, i.e., extravascular designs. The electrodes may be circular or elliptical and include a plurality of wings for securing the electrodes within a flap.

A medical apparatus for a patient comprises an external system and an implantable system. The external system is configured to transmit one or more transmission signals, each transmission signal comprising at least power or data. The implantable system is configured to receive the one or more transmission signals from the external system, and to deliver stimulation energy to the patient. Methods of delivering stimulation energy are also provided.

A neural interface system, comprises a lead body including a first electrode; a cuff body having a first section and a second section separated by a gap for providing a path of least electrical resistance, a second electrode positioned within the first section; and a junction between the lead body and the cuff body, wherein the gap extends around an axis of the cuff body and comprises a first area proximal to the junction.

Disclosed are methods and systems for treating epilepsy by stimulating a main trunk of a vagus nerve, or a left vagus nerve, when the patient has had no seizure or a seizure that is not characterized by cardiac changes such as an increase in heart rate, and stimulating a cardiac branch of a vagus nerve, or a right vagus nerve, when the patient has had a seizure characterized by cardiac changes such as a heart rate increase.

Gamification for a pelvic disorder regimen has a processor for operating a control module configured to define a programmable treatment regimen. A neurostimulator is connected to the processor and the control module. The neurostimulator applies electrical or magnetic signals to the user according to the programmable treatment regimen which includes at least one treatment task to be performed by the user. A gramification module calculates and stores a set of scores of the user in performing at least one task defined in the programmable treatment program associated with one or more events defined in the programmable treatment program to provide a score assigned to each task performance. A user interface is connected to the control module and provides the user with information associated with the scores attained by the user.