Methods and systems for treating epilepsy by stimulating a cranial nerve and administering to the patient a responsiveness test and comparing a result of the responsiveness test to a baseline responsiveness test and initiating a second therapy or issuing a warning based on the comparison of the result of the responsiveness test to the baseline responsiveness test.

An apparatus, system and technique selectively eliminates the noxious signal components in a neuronal signal by creating an interfering electrical signal that is tuned to a given frequency corresponding to the oscillatory pattern of the noxious signal, resulting in a modified neuronal signal that substantially reproduces a normal, no-pain neuronal signal. The disclosed system and technique of pain relief is based on the hypothesis that the temporal profile of pain signals encodes particular components that oscillate at unique and quantifiable frequencies, which are responsible for pain processing in the brain.

The invention has a contact assembly including a spatial longitudinal extension which is orientated parallel to the winding axis. The contact assembly is fixedly joined to the carrier substrate along a joining region which has a joining region length orientated in parallel to the winding axis. The orthogonal projection relative to the winding axis overlaps with a first region of the carrier substrate which is wound into a tube.

An extravascular neural interface is disclosed containing electrodes for neurostimulation of the vessel. The devices are housed in flexible substrates, each substrate having a spinal portion for routing leads/conductors into the device for connection to the electrodes. Extending from opposite sides of the spinal portion is a self-sizing inner flap that supports and positions the electrodes to be inward facing, i.e., extravascular designs, and one more rigid outer flap. The electrodes may be flexible multifilar coil electrodes.

A method of treating a patient, comprising: sensing a biological parameter indicative of respiration; analyzing the biological parameter to identify a respiratory cycle; identifying an inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle; and delivering stimulation to a hypoglossal nerve of the patient, wherein stimulation is delivered if a duration of the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle is greater than a predetermined portion of a duration of the entire respiratory cycle.

One aspect of the present disclosure can include an intrafascicular neural electrode. The intrafascicular neural electrode can include a microwire body having a proximal end, a distal anchoring end, and a middle portion extending between the proximal end and the distal anchoring end. The distal anchoring end can substantially match the mechanical and biological properties of the target nerve. The microwire body can have a middle anchoring portion extending between the proximal end and the distal end, wherein at least a portion of the distal end and/or the middle anchoring portion substantially match(es) the mechanical and biological properties of the target nerve. The electrode can be made of graphene. The microwire body, except for the distal anchoring end, can be coated with an insulation material, preferably with a biocompatible agent adsorbed onto the insulation material.

Disclosed are methods and systems for treating epilepsy by stimulating a main trunk of a vagus nerve, or a left vagus nerve, when the patient has had no seizure or a seizure that is not characterized by cardiac changes such as an increase in heart rate, and stimulating a cardiac branch of a vagus nerve, or a right vagus nerve, when the patient has had a seizure characterized by cardiac changes such as a heart rate increase.

Methods and apparatuses (e.g., devices and systems) for vagus nerve stimulation, including (but not limited to) sub-diaphragmatic vagus nerve stimulation. In particular, the methods and apparatuses described herein may be used to stimulate the posterior sub-diaphragmatic vagus nerve to treat inflammation and/or inflammatory disorders. The implantable microstimulators described herein may be leadless and batteryless.

Modulation of the neural activity of a nerve adjacent to the left gastro epiploic artery (LGEA) and/or a nerve adjacent to a short gastric artery (SGA) can modulate the neural activity of the sympathetic nerves that impact splenic function. This is useful for reducing inflammation and providing ways of treating inflammatory disorders.

Methods and systems for treating sleep apnea using electrical stimulation to a patient's upper and/or lower respiratory nerve or muscle are described. A stimulation regimen can be used to achieve upper airway patency and/or rhythmic air flow in a coordinated fashion during sleep. In some cases, diaphragm activity is monitored to determine whether sufficient upper airway patency and/or rhythmic air flow is achieved and maintained. The stimulation regimen may be adjusted based on the diaphragm activity. In some cases, the system includes modularized components so that the components can be customized to an individual's needs.