Modulation, preferably inhibition, of neurosignaling of a cardiac-related sympathetic nerve in the extracardiac intrathoracic neural circuit is effective in stabilizing cardiac electrical and/or mechanical function, thereby providing ways of treating or preventing cardiac dysfunction such as arrhythmias.

Methods and systems for regulating nerve activity and/or treating conditions associated with disorder of blood glucose are disclosed. A method of downregulating activity by applying a high frequency alternating current electrical signal to a nerve in a subject is disclosed. A method of upregulating activity by applying a low frequency stimulation signal to a nerve in a subject is disclosed. A method of regulating nerve activity by applying a high frequency signal to a first nerve/organ and applying a low frequency stimulation signal to a second nerve/organ is disclosed. The application of the high frequency signal and the low frequency stimulation signal to separate nerves or nerve branches/fibers can be independent, simultaneous, concurrent, or in a coordinated fashion in therapy programs. Various signal parameters including the waveform, frequency, amplitude, active/inactive phases are described.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) or Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) can be treated using high frequency (HF) electrostimulation. This can include selecting or receiving a subject presenting with RLS or PLMD. At least one electrostimulation electrode can be located at a location associated with at least one of, or at least one branch of, a sural nerve, a peroneal nerve, or a femoral nerve. HF electrostimulation can be delivered to the subject, which can include delivering subsensory, subthreshold, AC electrostimulation at a frequency that exceeds 500 Hz and is less than 15,000 Hz to the location to help reduce or alleviate the one or more symptoms associated with RLS or PLMD. A charge-balanced controlled-current HF electrostimulation waveform can be used.

Presented herein are techniques for electrically stimulating a recipient's vestibular nerve in order to mask vestibular noise signals (vestibular noise) generated by the peripheral vestibular system (e.g., prevent erroneous balance information generated by the peripheral vestibular system from being sent to the brain of the recipient). A vestibular nerve stimulator in accordance with embodiments presented herein includes a plurality of electrodes implanted in an inner ear of a recipient at a location that is adjacent to the otolith organs of the inner ear. The vestibular nerve stimulator is configured to generate one or more continuous pulse trains and to deliver the one or more continuous pulse trains to the inferior branch of the recipient's vestibular nerve.

A system may include one implantable pulse generator and at least one implantable lead. The pulse generator may include a processor, a driving system for driving electrodes, a communication circuit, and a housing configured to be subcutaneously implanted. The lead may be configured to extend from the pulse generator to at least one neural target on a left side of a head and a neural target on a right side of the head. The lead may include at least two electrode sets, each including at least two electrodes. The lead be configured to be used to subcutaneously place the at least two electrode sets near the at least two neural targets, respectively, and electrically connect the pulse generator to each of the at least two electrodes sets to enable the driving system to drive the at least two electrode sets to stimulate the at least two neural targets.

Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith.

In some embodiments, systems and methods can include a wearable device with an electrically conductive skin interface that excites the underlying nerves from a transcutaneous surface stimulator. The device may be sized for a range of user sizes with stimulation electrodes positioned to target the appropriate nerves, such as the saphenous and/or posterior tibial nerves. Transcutaneous afferent stimulation of one, two, or more peripheral nerves can modulate a brain or spinal pathway associated with bladder function.

The present invention relates to a system for providing neuronal stimulation signals configured to elicit sensory percepts in the cortex of an individual, comprising means for obtaining spatial information relating to the actual or planned position of at least one neuronal stimulation means relative to at least one afferent axon targeting at least one sensory neuron in the cortex of the individual and means for determining at least one neuronal stimulation signal to be applied to at least one afferent axon via the at least one neuronal stimulation means based at least in part on the obtained spatial information. The present invention further relates to a system for communicating conceptual information to an individual, comprising means for selecting at least one neuronal stimulation signal to be applied to at least one afferent axon targeting at least one sensory neuron in the cortex of the individual, wherein the at least one neuronal stimulation signal corresponds to the conceptual information to be communicated and means for transmitting the at least one neuronal stimulation signa to at least one neuronal stimulation means of the individual.

A neuromodulation system, device, and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a neuromodulation system includes a processor, a signal generator, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The processor in cooperation with the signal generator, the first electrode, and the second electrode are configured to deliver a transcutaneous stimulation to a mammal. The transcutaneous stimulation is configured by the processor for inducing voluntary movement in the mammal. The first electrode is positioned transcutaneously on a spinal cord and/or spinal cord dorsal roots of the mammal. Additionally, the second electrode is placed transcutaneously on or over at least one of the spinal cord and/or the spinal cord dorsal roots, a muscle, a nerve, or on or near a target end organ or bodily structure of the mammal. The second electrode is in communication with the first electrode through a hardwire or wireless connection.

A method of implanting a nerve stimulation device in treating an overactive bladder condition includes providing an external programmer and providing an implantable tibial nerve stimulation device (ITNS device) including a pulse generator enclosing circuitry and a lead coupling an electrode assembly to the pulse generator. The external programmer wirelessly communicates with the circuitry of the pulse generator to program a stimulation therapy for the ITNS device.