Systems and techniques are disclosed to generate programming parameters and modifications during closed-loop adjustment of an implantable neurostimulation device treatment programming, through the identification and application of weights determined from user input indications and rankings of therapy objectives. In an example, a system to generate programming values of a neurostimulation device performs operations that: obtains human input which indicates multiple therapy objectives for neurostimulation treatment of a human patient; operates a model (such as an artificial intelligence model) to determine parameter outputs for programming of the neurostimulation device; identifies weights, based on the therapy objectives, usable in the model; produces a composite output from the model, by applying the identified weights to a combination of the parameter outputs of the programming model; and the resulting composite output provides neurostimulation device programming values for neurostimulation treatment designed to address the therapy objectives.

Techniques to help improve efficiency or effectiveness of treating a disorder such as RLS or PLMD, such as by issuing neural electrostimulations to a particular patient, while varying one or more amplitude parameters (e.g., at least one of electrostimulation current amplitude, electrostimulation voltage amplitude, or electrostimulation pulsewidth duration). A corresponding patient-subjective or patient-objective response can be observed. A characteristic electrostimulation intensity relationship can be generated, for example, based on the determined respective at least one of RLS or PLMD response indication threshold amplitude parameters and the plurality of corresponding neural electrostimulation durations. Once this characteristic electrostimulation intensity relationship has been generated, it can then be used to control issuing subsequent neural electrostimulations to the particular patient according to (1) at least one goal and (2) a variable operating point based upon the generated characteristic electrostimulation intensity relationship.

An implantable neurostimulator (INS) and method of use, the INS including an electrical lead having formed thereon at least a pair of bi-polar electrodes, wherein the electrical lead is configured for placement of the pair of bi-polar electrodes proximate protrusor muscles of a patient, a pulse generator electrically connected to the electrical lead and configured to deliver electrical energy to the pair of bi-polar electrodes, the pulse generator having mounted therein a sensor and a control circuit, and the sensor is configured to generate signals representative of an orientation of the pulse generator and communicate the signals to the control circuit and the control circuit is configured to determine the orientation of the pulse generator and deliver electrical energy to the bi-polar electrodes when the determined orientation correlates to a pre-determined orientation.

An electrode that includes an elongate lead body and a nerve cuff. The nerve cuff may include a biologically compatible, elastic, electrically insulative cuff body configured to be circumferentially disposed around a nerve, first and second relatively wide electrically conductive contacts carried by the cuff body that are spaced from one another in the length direction and that extend in the width direction to such an extent that they extend completely around the cuff body inner lumen when the cuff body is in the pre-set furled shape, and a plurality of relatively narrow electrically conductive contacts carried by the cuff body that are spaced from one another in the width direction and are located between the first and second relatively wide electrically conductive contacts.

An oral appliance is disclosed that provides electrical stimulation to a patient's tongue in a manner that prevents collapse of the tongue and/or soft palate during sleep. More specifically, the appliance may induce a reversible current or currents in a lateral direction across the tongue in a manner that shortens the patient's Palatoglossus muscle, which in turn pulls the patient's soft palate downward towards a base of the tongue and/or decreases a volume of the tongue.

A device is disclosed that can detect and treat disordered breathing in a patient. The device can include at least one contact adapted to make contact with a portion of an oral cavity of a patient, and a control circuit configured to: in a first mode, detect a presence of disordered breathing in the patient based, at least in part, on a first signal received from the at least one contact; and in a second mode, provide electrical stimulation via the at least one contact to a portion of the patient's upper airway based on a detection of the presence of disordered breathing.

Techniques to help improve efficiency or effectiveness of treating a disorder such as RLS or PLMD, such as by issuing neural electrostimulations to a particular patient, while varying one or more amplitude parameters (e.g., at least one of electrostimulation current amplitude, electrostimulation voltage amplitude, or electrostimulation pulsewidth duration). A corresponding patient-subjective or patient-objective response can be observed. A characteristic electrostimulation intensity relationship can be generated, for example, based on the determined respective at least one of RLS or PLMD response indication threshold amplitude parameters and the plurality of corresponding neural electrostimulation durations. Once this characteristic electrostimulation intensity relationship has been generated, it can then be used to control issuing subsequent neural electrostimulations to the particular patient according to (1) at least one goal and (2) a variable operating point based upon the generated characteristic electrostimulation intensity relationship.

A method of treating insomnia includes providing an electrical stimulation lead implanted into a brain of a patient, wherein the electrical stimulation lead includes a plurality of electrodes and at least one of the electrodes is disposed adjacent to or within a global pallidus externa of the patient; and delivering electrical stimulation to the global pallidus externa through at least one of the electrodes to treat insomnia.

Neuromodulation of cranial nerves can be used to treat sleep or breathing disorders, among other diseases and disorders. A neuromodulation system can include a housing configured for implantation in an anterior cervical region of a patient, such as at or under a mandible of the patient, such as at least partially in one or more of a submental triangle, a submandibular triangle, and a carotid triangle. The system can include an electrode lead coupled to the housing, and the electrode lead can include an electrode configured to be disposed at or near a cranial nerve target in the patient. The system can be configured to generate electrical neuromodulation signals for delivery to the cranial nerve target using the electrode.

Systems for treating obstructive sleep apnea having an implanted stimulator with an internal sensor configured to generate sensory data corresponding to movement of the thoracic or abdominal cavity of a patient during respiration. The system includes a wireless communications link between the stimulator and at least one external sensor for sensing a patient's physiological parameter and is used to augment the sensory data from the internal sensor. The stimulator includes a stimulation system configured to deliver electrical stimulation to a nerve which innervates an upper airway muscle, such as the hypoglossal nerve to treat sleep apnea.