A capacity-expanding separated interface nerve electrode (SINE) can be used to deliver a nerve conduction block to one or more nerves. The SINE can include a source electrode coupled to a waveform generator. The source electrode can deliver an electrical neuromodulation signal (e.g., a direct current (DC) signal) to an ionically conductive medium. The SINE can also include a vessel holding the ionically conductive medium, which can include a material that facilitates a transformation of the electrical neuromodulation signal to an ionic neuromodulation signal with a high charge capacity. The SINE can also include a nerve interface that can deliver the ionic neuromodulation signal to a nerve. The SINE can be used in combination with a return electrode that is also coupled to the waveform generator.

This invention addresses the need for efficient dry skin electrodes. Robust, flexible Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductor (MIEC) electrodes were prepared by an aqueous solution route resulting in electrically conductive networks of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ionically conductive elastic matrix. The flexible electrode was characterized in terms of conductivity, ionic charge transfer resistance, and water uptake. The flexible electrode maintained low resistance even after multiple cycles of 50% extension and contraction.

A skin treatment device includes a substrate and a plurality of discrete galvanic couples provided on the substrate, each discrete galvanic couple including a first conductive electrode that is an anode and a second conductive electrode that is a cathode, wherein the anode of each galvanic couple includes a first metal and the cathode of each discrete galvanic couple includes a second metal, different from the first metal, the first and second metal having a different standard potential.

The present disclosure provides devices and methods for delivering a biomolecule into a cell. A delivery device of the present disclosure includes a first reservoir, a second reservoir, a porous membrane comprising a nanopore, and two or more electrodes configured to generate an electric field across the porous membrane for delivery of a biomolecule present in the second reservoir through the nanopore of the porous membrane and into a cell present in the first reservoir.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are described for delivering a therapeutic substance to a target area within or proximate to a nasal cavity of a subject, including a reservoir configured to contain the therapeutic substance and a delivery interface by which the therapeutic substance is delivered to the target area. In some embodiments, systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can deliver a therapeutic substance using iontophoresis and/or electroosmosis.

An apparatus includes multiple first reservoirs and multiple second reservoirs joined with a substrate. Selected ones of the multiple first reservoirs include a reducing agent, and first reservoir surfaces of selected ones of the multiple first reservoirs are proximate to a first substrate surface. Selected ones of the multiple second reservoirs include an oxidizing agent, and second reservoir surfaces of selected ones of the multiple second reservoirs are proximate to the first substrate surface.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are described for delivering a therapeutic substance to a target area within or proximate to a nasal cavity of a subject, including a reservoir configured to contain the therapeutic substance and a delivery interface by which the therapeutic substance is delivered to the target area. In some embodiments, systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can deliver a therapeutic substance using iontophoresis and/or electroosmosis.

The present disclosure relates to devices and systems for targeted and controlled delivery of a therapeutic agent to a treatment site of an eye. Particularly, aspects are directed to a therapeutic agent delivery device that includes a polymeric substrate having a release region, a delivery region, and a receiving region; one or more reservoirs formed within the release region; a therapeutic agent disposed within the one or more reservoirs; an active, passive, or combination thereof controlled release mechanism for release of the therapeutic agent from the one or more reservoirs into the delivery region; and a circuit formed on the polymeric substrate, the circuit having a current source, a first iontophoresis electrode located within the delivery region for transport of the therapeutic agent from the delivery region into a target tissue via electromigration, and a second iontophoresis electrode located within the receiving region for maintaining electroneutrality within the tissue.

The invention relates to a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for delivering pharmaceutical active ingredients. The TTS includes a cover layer and at least one active-ingredient-containing carrier material. At least one retaining element is located between the active-ingredient-containing carrier material and the cover layer, with the retaining element fixing the active-ingredient-containing carrier material onto the cover layer. The invention further relates to a method for fastening an active-ingredient-containing carrier material to a cover layer of a TTS in the presence of hook-and-loop strip segments and the use of a hook-and-loop strip in transdermal or iontophoretic administration of pharmaceutical or therapeutic active ingredients to patients.

This specification generally relates to a biphasic injectable electrode which comprises a plurality of solid particles and a transporter phase, wherein both the solid particles and the transporter phase comprise poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate. The biphasic injectable electrode, in use in a surgical resection cavity in the brain includes inserting the biphasic injectable electrode into a surgical resection cavity in the brain with a tumor resection margin. A probe is inserted into the electrode and four counter electrodes are implanted in the surrounding brain tissue. A charge delivery device delivers charge to the probe via a wire both of which have also been implanted.