Systems and methods presented herein provide for a screw conveyor adsorption moving bed that separates carbon dioxide from a gas mixture. Adsorbent particles are transported between an adsorption section of the reactor, which can be an outer column, and a desorption section, which can be an inner column. The particle transport is facilitated by the screw conveyor located inside the inner column. The screw conveyor is specially designed to have a hollow screw, shaped as a spiral surface, attached to a central shaft. The screw surface is also equipped with plurality of holes and a flexible edge attachment to seal against the cylindrical surface. The hollow shape allows the gas to flow from the inlet of the shaft to the particles through the holes on the screw, thus creating uniform gas distribution.

A reactor including a plurality of honeycomb structures each having an outer peripheral wall and partition walls provided on an inner side of the outer peripheral wall, the partition walls defining a plurality of cells through which a process gas containing a capturing target gas can flow, each of the cells extending from an inflow end face to an outflow end face of each honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structures are provided so that the outflow end faces and the inflow end faces of adjacent honeycomb structures face each other and central axes of the cells of the adjacent honeycomb structures are aligned with each other. The partition walls have at least one protrusion protruding into the cells and extending from the inflow end face to the outflow end face. The protrusions on the partition walls of the adjacent honeycomb structures are provided at different positions.

Disclosed is a segregating gas arrangement that generally comprises a gas segregation chamber, at least one cooling plate in the gas segregation chamber, and a carbon adsorber in an adsorption gas capturing chamber. The gas segregation chamber has a rim that when resting atop regolith defines a first interior environment. The cooling plates are in the gas segregation chamber, wherein the cooling plates are maintained at a first temperature above 5 K, which is a condensation temperature that higher temperature condensing gases will condense. The adsorption gas capturing chamber defines a second interior environment that is in communication with the first interior environment. The carbon adsorber is in the second interior environment and is maintained at a second temperature below 3 K. The carbon adsorber is configured to capture the low temperature condensing gas.

A gas treatment system and method are disclosed. The system may include comprising: one or more volatile compound (VC) adsorbing units, each comprising: a VC adsorbing bed comprising a porous VC adsorbing material; and two or more valve units each connected at one end of the VC adsorbing bed; at least one compressor configured to receive inert gas with adsorbed VC; a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the compressed inert gas with adsorbed VC and a VC-free inert gas, wherein at least one of the valve units is configured to receive hot VC-free inert gas heated by the heat exchanger; and a chiller configured to chill the compressed VC adsorbed inert gas to allow condensation of the VC from the VC adsorbed inert gas stream.

The present invention concerns a process for the separation of a gas mixture containing CO.sub.2 and at least one inert gaseous species, comprising (a) feeding the gas mixture into an adsorption column via a first inlet located at a first side of the column, wherein the adsorption column contains a solid CO.sub.2 sorbent loaded with H.sub.2O molecules and thereby desorbing H.sub.2O molecules and adsorbing CO.sub.2 molecules, to obtain a sorbent loaded with CO.sub.2 and an inert product stream; and then (b) feeding a stripping gas comprising H.sub.2O into the adsorption column via a second inlet located at a second side which is opposite to the first inlet, thereby stripping the sorbent and desorbing CO.sub.2 molecules and adsorbing H.sub.2O molecules, to obtain a sorbent loaded with H.sub.2O and the CO.sub.2 product stream, wherein the adsorption column is re-used in step (a) after being stripped in step (b). The invention also concerns an apparatus for performing the process according to the invention.