The water treatment device according to the present disclosure includes: an electrochemical cell having electrodes including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a bipolar membrane; a tank; a power supply configured to apply power to the electrodes; a water circulation flow path having at least the tank and the electrochemical cell and through which water circulates; a circulation device configured to circulate water in the water circulation flow path; a raw water supply path configured to supply raw water to the water circulation flow path; and a control device. In performing water softening treatment in the electrochemical cell where power is applied to the electrodes so as to remove ions from raw water and soft water is produced, the control device drives the circulation device so as to circulate water in the water circulation flow path.

The device for producing ultrapure water according to the reverse osmosis principle with a reverse osmosis filter which is subdivided by the RO membrane into a primary chamber and a secondary chamber, with a primary circuit through which raw water is supplied to the primary chamber and concentrate is discharged therefrom, and with a secondary circuit for supplying permeate to at least one consumer, preferably to a dialysis device, is characterized in that a means for detecting organic and/or inorganic deposits is arranged in or on the primary circuit and/or the secondary circuit and is connected to an evaluation means.

A system and method for switching between flows of water solutions passed in groups of blocks of membrane pressure vessels arranged in parallel in a tapered flow system, wherein the system comprises a system inlet feed line, a system outlet flow line, high pressure booster pumps configured to provide a high pressure feed stream to the system; blocks of membrane pressure vessels arrayed in parallel, and a first and second bypass line each parallel to said blocks.

A method for operating a membrane separation device includes (a) setting a flow amount M(t) of permeated water and extracting the permeated water from the membrane separation device by the set flow amount M(t), and (b) temporarily stopping the extracting the permeated water, when a water level of a first water tank in which the membrane separation device is immersed, a water level of a second water tank in communication with the first tank, or a water level of a third water tank receiving overflowing water from the first water tank becomes lower than a predetermined halt water level. M(t), which is the flow amount of the permeated water during a time period t, satisfies a equation M(t)=KQ(t?1), where K is a gain (K>1), and Q(t?1) is an amount of inflow of the water-to-be-treated during a time period t?1 immediately prior to the time period t.

A filtration system (1) has a filtration unit (2) with at least one filter element (4) for filtration of a fluid. The at least one filter element (4) has a main flow direction (C) for the fluid. The filtration unit (2) is configured to tilt the at least one filter element (4) around a tilting axis (B) to change an orientation of the main flow direction (C). A main unit (3) is fluidly connectable to the filtration unit (2) and includes a supply unit (18) configured to supply the fluid to the at least one filter element (4). A control unit is configured to control supplying and/or evacuating the fluid to/from the at least one filter element (4) and to control tilting of the at least one filter element (4) around the tilting axis (B).

A reverse osmosis desalination system has a combined displacement pump and displacement pressure recovery motor that propagate feed water with a structurally fixed recovery rate and structurally stabilized volume flow through continuously alternating discharging and recirculation intervals. Thereby enabled is an instantaneous discharge of the entire feed water concentrate and unmixed replacement with low salinity source water that intermittingly and effectively flushes the reverse osmosis membranes. This in turn provides for high recirculation peak salinity and recovery rate that are simple and reliably controlled without impairing membrane longevity.

Embodiments herein relate to a membrane bioreactor for strengthening membrane fouling control and method thereof. The embodiments may solve problems associated with existing techniques in the field of water treatment. The membrane bioreactor may include a reactor wall, a membrane element, a collecting pipe, a water collecting pipe, a vacuum table, a suction pump, a cleaning unit, an air compressor, an aeration pipe, an aeration head, an inlet pipe, and a drain pipe. The existing techniques related to membrane fouling control has problems such as complexity to operate, difficulties to clean online, and uses of chemicals, which may cause secondary pollution. The embodiments relate to a device that includes a set of automatic mechanical transmission units. With cleaning parts installed at terminals of the device, the surface of the pollution layer of the flat membrane may be cleaned periodically to achieve in situ membrane fouling control, an increase of water production capacity and backwash cycle, and improvement of the efficiency of the membrane bioreactor.

A microorganism recovering method high in recovering efficiency is provided. A microorganism recovering method of recovering microorganisms from a liquid sample includes filtering out microorganisms from the liquid sample through a filtration apparatus, the filtration apparatus including a first end and a second end, the filtration apparatus being configured to receive the liquid sample at the first end and being configured to discharge from the second end filtrate generated through the filtering out microorganisms and recovering the microorganisms filtered out by the filtration apparatus together with a culture medium by feeding the culture medium from the second end to the first end.

A reverse osmosis treatment apparatus includes a membrane unit including an osmosis membrane module. The membrane unit includes a plurality of banks connected in series, each bank including an osmosis membrane module. At least one of the banks includes a treatment water pipe valve and a concentrated water pipe valve, and a bypass pipe capable of diverting the water to be treated, which is to be supplied to the bank, around the bank and draining the water to be treated and a chemical cleaning pipe capable of supplying the reverse osmosis membrane module disposed in the bank with chemical cleaning water are connected. A reverse osmosis treatment method is for cleaning intermittently a bank having the treatment water pipe valve and the concentrated water pipe valve while continuing the reverse osmosis treatment using the remaining bank.

A system for separating a suspension of biological cells is disclosed comprising a single-use fluid circuit and a durable hardware component. The fluid circuit comprises a separator having a housing that includes an inlet for introducing the suspension of biological cells into the gap, a first outlet in communication with the gap for flowing a first type of cells from the separator, and a second outlet in communication with the second side of the filter membrane for flowing a second type of cells from the separator. The hardware component comprises a pump for flowing the suspension of biological cells to the inlet of the separator and at least one flow control device associated with the first outlet and the second outlet of the separator for selectively opening and closing the outlets so as to permit one of the first type of cells and the second type of cells to flow out of the separator in accordance with a predetermined duty cycle equal to the ratio of a target flow rate of first type of cells through the first outlet to the predetermined inlet flow rate.