A process for synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide comprising the synthesis of urea in parallel in a first urea reactor (1) at a first urea synthesis pressure and in a second urea reactor (2) at a second and lower urea synthesis pressure; a stripping step of the reaction effluent of the first reactor, which is performed in a stripper (4) operating at a stripping pressure lower than the first urea synthesis pressure; the reaction effluent (21) of the second reactor (2) and the stripper liquid effluent (11) are sent to a recovery section (13) where a carbamate-containing recycle solution (17) is produced, and said recycle solution (17) is sent partly to said first reactor and partly to said second reactor.

A process for synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide comprising the synthesis of urea in parallel in a first urea reactor (1) at a first urea synthesis pressure and in a second urea reactor (2) at a second and lower urea synthesis pressure; a stripping step of the reaction effluent of the first reactor, which is performed in a stripper (4) operating at a stripping pressure lower than the first urea synthesis pressure; the reaction effluent (21) of the second reactor (2) and the stripper liquid effluent (11) are sent to a recovery section (13) where a carbamate-containing recycle solution (17) is produced, and said recycle solution (17) is sent partly to said first reactor and partly to said second reactor.

Alcoholic spirits may be artificially aged under highly pressurized carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide may form carbonic acid, which may cause various esters to form in the presence of wood as well as to mellow the flavor when no wood is present. Wood may be pretreated with ozone, which may extract lignin which may further convert to vanillin during pressurized CO2 treatment, giving a vanilla note. After processing with pressurized CO2, a post-treatment of ozone may be given to the spirit, which may cause a mild oxidation and further mellowing of the spirit.

Use of a ferritic stainless steel containing at least 23% chromium for the manufacture of components of the high-pressure urea synthesis section of a urea plant.

Use of a ferritic stainless steel containing at least 23% chromium for the manufacture of components of the high-pressure urea synthesis section of a urea plant.

Processes for reducing shutdown time of a sub-system/ reactor component in an LDPE process. The process includes closing one or more pairs of upstream lock-out valves, each pair of upstream lock-out valves being located in an inlet stream upstream of the reactor component and configured to cease fluid flow into the reactor component through said inlet stream when said pair of upstream lock-out valves is closed; closing one or more pairs of downstream lock-out valves, each pair of downstream lock-out valves being located in an outlet stream downstream of the reactor component and configured to cease fluid flow out of the reactor component through said outlet stream when said pair of downstream lock-out valves is closed; depressurizing the reactor component; introducing purge gas comprising N.sub.2 into the reactor component at and withdrawing the purge gas from the reactor component.

Processes for reducing shutdown time of a sub-system/ reactor component in an LDPE process. The process includes closing one or more pairs of upstream lock-out valves, each pair of upstream lock-out valves being located in an inlet stream upstream of the reactor component and configured to cease fluid flow into the reactor component through said inlet stream when said pair of upstream lock-out valves is closed; closing one or more pairs of downstream lock-out valves, each pair of downstream lock-out valves being located in an outlet stream downstream of the reactor component and configured to cease fluid flow out of the reactor component through said outlet stream when said pair of downstream lock-out valves is closed; depressurizing the reactor component; introducing purge gas comprising N.sub.2 into the reactor component at and withdrawing the purge gas from the reactor component.

A high-gravity rotating bed device, including a motor, a rotor and a housing. The rotor and the motor are entirely arranged within the housing. A load-bearing plate is provided within the housing. The load-bearing plate divides the housing into a reaction chamber and a balance chamber. The motor is arranged within the balance chamber. A transmission shaft of the motor passes through the load-bearing plate and is fixedly connected to the rotor arranged within the reaction chamber. A gas inlet, a gas outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are arranged on the housing. An externally communicating pipeline is arranged on the balance chamber. Also disclosed is an application of the present high-gravity rotating bed device under high-pressure conditions in operations such as mixing, transferring and reacting.

A high-gravity rotating bed device, including a motor, a rotor and a housing. The rotor and the motor are entirely arranged within the housing. A load-bearing plate is provided within the housing. The load-bearing plate divides the housing into a reaction chamber and a balance chamber. The motor is arranged within the balance chamber. A transmission shaft of the motor passes through the load-bearing plate and is fixedly connected to the rotor arranged within the reaction chamber. A gas inlet, a gas outlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are arranged on the housing. An externally communicating pipeline is arranged on the balance chamber. Also disclosed is an application of the present high-gravity rotating bed device under high-pressure conditions in operations such as mixing, transferring and reacting.

A reactor system for thermally treating a hydrocarbon-containing stream, that includes a pressure containment vessel comprising an interior chamber and a heat transfer medium that converts electrical current to heat and is positioned within the interior chamber of the pressure containment vessel, wherein the heat transfer medium comprises a first end face, a second end face, and channels extending between the first end face and the second end face. A process for thermally treating a hydrocarbon-containing stream includes introducing the hydrocarbon-containing stream into the reactor system, pressurizing the pressure containment vessel and the heat transfer medium without heating the pressure containment vessel or the heat transfer medium, supplying electrical current to the heat transfer medium, converting the electrical current to heat, heating the hydrocarbon-containing stream, and converting the hydrocarbon-containing stream to an effluent stream.