Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.

The invention provides an improved system for separation technology intended to reduce unwanted catalyst/thermal reactions by minimizing contact of the hydrocarbons and the catalyst within the reactor.

Methods of reducing heat exchanger fouling rate or of producing polyolefins may include providing a first gas stream comprising a gas and entrained fine polyolefin particles to a gas outlet line; removing a portion of the entrained fine polyolefin particles from the gas outlet line to form a bypass stream; and providing the bypass stream to a bypass line comprising a bypass line inlet and a bypass line outlet. The bypass line inlet and outlet are located upstream and downstream of a first heat exchanger. The methods may further include providing at least a portion of the first gas stream to the first heat exchanger; and combining the bypass stream and a second gas stream at the bypass line outlet to form a combined gas stream comprising one or more olefins or paraffins. A temperature of the combined gas stream is below the dew point of the combined gas stream.

The present application discloses a multi-region plasma shell-and-tube reactor comprising a shell body. At least two reaction regions are provided inside the shell body, and a horizontal separation panel is provided between any two adjacent reaction regions, used to separate the two and passing through the tubes. A central hole is provided in the center of any horizontal separation panel, and at least one auxiliary hole distributed around the central axis of the central hole is provided in any horizontal separation panel so as to cooperate with the central hole to cause a vortex state to be formed in a reaction region.

Disclosed is a fluidized bed reactor and a heat removal water pipe and application thereof in acrylonitrile production. The fluidized bed reactor comprises at least a reaction cooling section and a vertical inner component provided in the reaction cooling section. Where, at a cross section transverse and perpendicular to a central axis of the fluidized bed reactor, an area of the cross section of the reaction cooling section is designated as S1 (expressed in a unit of m.sup.2) and an outer contour circumference of the cross section of the vertical inner component is designated as L1 (expressed in a unit of m), L1/S1=2.0-4.3 m.sup.−1. The fluidized bed reactor can promote the breaking of bubbles as early as possible and effectively limit the growth of the bubbles.

Systems for preparing butenes are provided. The systems can include a reactor inlet coupled to both a reactor and at least one reactant reservoir; at least one of the reactant reservoirs containing one or both of an aldehyde and/or ethanol; a catalyst within the reactor, the catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support material; and a reactor outlet operationally configured to convey a butene-rich reaction product to a product reservoir. Methods for preparing butenes are also provided. The methods can include exposing one or both of ethanol and/or an aldehyde to a catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support to form a butene-rich product that comprises one or both of 1-butene and/or 2-butene.

A process and apparatus cool and remove catalyst from a hot vaporous reactor effluent stream by feeding the hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising catalyst and a first quench liquid stream to a first quench chamber. The hot vaporous reactor effluent stream is directly contacted with the first quench liquid stream to cool the hot reactor effluent stream and wash catalyst therefrom into the first quench liquid stream. The first quench liquid stream and the vaporous reactor effluent stream are passed together through a bed while disengaging catalyst from the vaporous reactor effluent stream and transferring catalyst into the first quench liquid stream.

A method and system for an enhanced reforming process employing a pressure swing absorber. An off-gas from the pressure swing absorber is divided with a first portion sent back into a reforming reactor and a second portion sent to a heat generator for the reforming process. The first off-gas portion from the pressure swing absorber can be pressurized by a compressor and reintroduced into a fluidized bed reactor.

A fluidized bed regenerator, a device for preparing low-carbon olefins, and a use thereof are provided. The fluidized bed regenerator includes a second activation zone, a first activation zone, and a gas-solid separation zone from bottom to top; the second activation zone axially communicates with the gas-solid separation zone; the first activation zone is arranged on a periphery of a junction between the second activation zone and the gas-solid separation zone; the first activation zone is an annular cavity; n baffles are radially arranged in the first activation zone, and the n baffles divide the first activation zone into n first activation zone subzones; and a catalyst circulation hole is formed in each of n−1 of the baffles such that a catalyst entering the first activation zone flows in an annular direction.

A method may include: providing bio waste stream wherein the bio waste stream comprises at least one bio waste selected from the group consisting of palm oil mill effluent, soapstock, and combinations thereof; introducing the bio waste effluent stream into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit; contacting the bio waste with a catalyst in the fluidized catalytic cacking unit; and cracking at least a portion of the bio waste stream to form cracked products that comprise a cracked product stream.