The disclosure relates to various compositions, related systems and articles, and methods of making and using the same. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to compositions containing a nanostructured organic compound, compositions containing an organic compound and a metal-organic framework embedded within the organic compound, and compositions containing an organic compound that is at least partially crystalline and a crystalline metal oxide distributed within the organic compound, as well as related methods of making (e.g., methods of depolymerizing polymers), methods of use (e.g., energy storage, contamination removal), articles (e.g., electrodes), and systems (e.g., energy storage systems, systems containing such energy storage systems) from the compositions of the disclosure. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a composition that includes a silicon-containing material and a polymer made of imide monomers, as well as related systems and articles, and methods of making and using the same.

A method of improving metathesis of an olefin can include introducing a promoter to an olefin feed stream.

The present invention provides a process for the synthesis of furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from glucose or crude hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) using mixed metal oxides catalyst. The present invention further provides a process for preparation of the mixed metal oxides catalyst.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a ternary catalyst for an oxygen reduction reaction. The method may include constructing a database including catalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of PtFeCu nanoparticles using machine-learning-based neural network potential (NNP), determining thermodynamically stable PtFeCu nanoparticles through Monte Carlo calculation, and selecting a type of the PtFeCu nanoparticles by analyzing a structure of PtFeCu nanoparticles.

This invention is directed to transition metal-based-halloysite nanocomposites and methods of making and using the same.

A catalyst has a carrier and a hydrogenation active metal component supported on the carrier. The hydrogenation active metal component contains at least one Group VIB metal component and at least one Group VIII metal component, and the carrier is composed of phosphorus-containing alumina. When the hydrogenation catalyst is measured using a hydrogen temperature programmed reduction method (H.sub.2-TPR), the ratio of the peak height of the low-temperature reduction peak, P.sub.low-temp peak, at a temperature of 300-500 C. to the peak height of the high-temperature reduction peak, P.sub.hi-temp peak, at a temperature of 650-850 C., i.e. S=P.sub.low-temp peak/P.sub.hi-temp peak, is 0.5-2.0; preferably 0.7-1.9, and more preferably 0.8-1.8. The hydrogenation catalyst shows excellent heteroatom removal effect and excellent stability when used in hydrotreatment.

There is disclosed a method of developing semiconductor photocatalysts by recycling Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) waste, the method comprising separating or removing a polymer layer of carbon-fibre waste via thermal decomposition; and coupling the resulting carbon-fibres as a cocatalyst with semiconductor materials; for photocatalytic water splitting results in producing hydrogen (H.sub.2). The semiconductor materials such as titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), to be used as composite materials, and coupling the carbon-fibres as a cocatalyst with semiconductor materials is done via facile hydrothermal methods and ultrasonic/physical mixing approaches (CFs/TiO.sub.2-A). Further disclosed is a carbon fiber (CF)/TiO.sub.2 composite comprising well-distributed and uniformly sized TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles, wherein the TiO.sub.2 particles are uniformly attached to the CF surface, wherein the CF is synthesized by being separated from a polymer layer of CFRP waste.

A visible light-reactive photocatalyst includes: a metal-organic framework (MOF) including pores; and an active material doped on the surface of the metal-organic framework, wherein the active material includes molybdenum disulfide (MoS.sub.2) or titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2).

The present inventive concept relates to a method of manufacturing a porous silica support and a catalyst for a dry methane reforming reaction comprising the porous silica manufactured thereby. According to the present inventive concept, a porous silica support having a variety of controlled pore structures and silica shapes and having hydroxyl groups (OH) formed on the surface thereof may be manufactured by controlling the mixing molar ratio of two alkoxysilanes (APTES and TEOS) used as silica precursors. In the catalyst in which an active metal is supported on the porous silica support, the active metal strongly interacts with silica through the hydroxyl groups, thereby enhancing catalytic activity, promoting dissociation/adsorption of CO.sub.2, and alleviating carbon formation. Therefore, the catalytic activity is enhanced compared to a conventional catalyst in which an active metal is supported on silica having single mesopores and containing no hydroxyl groups in a dry methane reforming reaction.

A carbon-based solid acid catalyst, a preparation method of the catalyst, and a method to use the catalyst for hydrothermal conversion of biomass are provided. The preparation method of the carbon-based solid acid catalyst includes the following steps: S1. mixing pectin with water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid for activation, and adding a resulting mixture to an ionic resin with an aromatic ring matrix; S2. drying a material obtained in S1, crushing a dried material into a powder, and subjecting the powder to pyrolysis in a dry inert gas; S3. subjecting a solid obtained after the pyrolysis to sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid; S4. diluting a material obtained in S3 with water, filtering a resulting mixture, and washing a resulting filter residue with water until no sulfate ions are detected in washing water; S5. drying the filter residue.