The invention concerns a method of structuring a surface for an embossing tool, in which a tool blank with a surface is provided and in which an embossing structure is formed on the surface of the tool blank, which is intended for embossing a predetermined material. The task of proposing a method for structuring a surface for an embossing tool, in which a process-precise structuring, in particular with high resolution, is achieved and the method is simplified, is solved by printing structural material onto the tool blank by a 3D printing method in order to provide the embossing structure and the embossing structure comprises the structural material printed by the 3D printing method. The invention also concerns an embossing tool, an apparatus for structuring a surface for an embossing tool and a digital printing template.

Optical diffusing films are made by microreplication from a structured surface tool. The tool is made using a 2-part electroplating process, wherein a first electroplating procedure forms a first metal layer with a first major surface, and a second electroplating procedure forms a second metal layer on the first metal layer, the second metal layer having a second major surface with a smaller average roughness than that of the first major surface. The second major surface can function as the structured surface of the tool. A replica of this surface can then be made in a major surface of an optical film to provide light diffusing properties. The structured surface and/or its constituent structures can be characterized in terms of various parameters such as optical haze, optical clarity, Fourier power spectra of the topography along orthogonal in-plane directions, ridge length per unit area, equivalent circular diameter (ECD), and/or aspect ratio.

To provide a seedsheet manufacturing apparatus that can increase a manufacturing speed and a seedsheet. A seedsheet manufacturing apparatus according to the present disclosure includes: a paste reservoir configured to store a paste in which a seed and a fluid are mixed; a plate cylinder disposed above the paste reservoir; a doctor blade configured to scrape a portion of the paste adhering to a surface of the plate cylinder; a pressing roller disposed such that the pressing roller faces the plate cylinder and a mounting paper is allowed to pass through a gap formed between the pressing roller and the surface of the plate cylinder; a supply unit configured to feed the mounting paper to the gap; and a recovery unit configured to recover the mounting paper that passes through the gap.

Provided is a compression bar apparatus for applying pressure to desired areas of a thin film composite (TFC) membrane, such as spiral wound TFC membranes and elements, including membranes and elements used for nanofiltration, reverse osmosis or forward osmosis to purify water, such as tap water, seawater, and brackish water. Application of pressure to a spiral wound element by the apparatus produces a membrane with increased sealant penetration, reduced osmotic blistering, and minimal damage to the active area of the membrane. Also provided are methods of using the apparatus.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a flexible display apparatus. The method includes: arranging a film over a window having a three-dimensional curved surface shape, the film being flexible; arranging a plurality of pressure balls over the film; and pressing the plurality of pressure balls towards the window by using a pressure plate such that the film is closely adhered onto the window according to the three-dimensional curved surface shape of the window.

In order for contaminants (50) that are in particular liquid or highly viscous or solid and impact in an operating portion (40b) of one or 2 processing shafts (40.1, 40.2) that rotate adjacent to each other not to reach bearings (2) of the shafts (40.1, 40.2) which are arranged axially outside of the processing portion (40b) which could damage the bearings a wiping device (6) is arranged there between which is additionally axially shielded by a bearing plate (3) and a splash guard plate (4) wherein the wiping device provides that contaminants (50) that reach the wiping section (40a) are wiped off at this location and cannot move further through the bearing plate (3) to the bearing (2) that is arranged outside of the bearing plate (3).

A pressure roller for an apparatus for compaction of empty (disposable) hollow bodies (beverage containers), particularly plastic bottles or tin cans, having at least one rotating roller that is disposed at a distance from a counter-bearing, forming a gap, has an essentially cylindrical mantle surface that possesses multiple profiled partial regions of the same type and the same width in its working region, following one another in the axial direction. These profiled partial regions are separated from one another, in each instance, by a circumferential recess. Each of these profiled partial regionsviewed axiallyhas multiple sections that follow one another. At least one cam-shaped projection that projects radially away from the mantle surface is disposed in one of these sections.

Container compressing arrangement, mountable in a reverse vending machine, for compacting empty containers, in particular beverage bottles or cans which are preferably made of plastic or metallic material, such as PET or tinned metal, the container compressing arrangement including: a first and a second rotatable roller, each of the rollers having a working surface arranged between two oppositely arranged ends, wherein the rollers are arranged adjacent to each other to rotate in opposite directions around a respective rotation axis in a common geometrical xz-plane; and wherein the working surface includes a plurality of ridges extending across the working surface, in an axial direction of the roller, and distributed in the circumferential direction of the working surface, each ridge having a longitudinal extension in the axial direction.

An apparatus includes a first roll and a second roll on each of which a pattern is formed, a first motor and a second motor to rotate the respective rolls, a shaft direction supporting mechanism to support the second roll along a shaft direction and an axial position adjusting mechanism configured to move the shaft direction supporting mechanism along the shaft direction. The posture of the rotating shaft of the second motor is maintained constant at all times, and the second roll is moved in the shaft direction along the first roll, thereby adjusting the positions of both patterns on the first roll and the second roll along the shaft direction.

A method for structuring a steel embossing roller surface includes using a short pulse laser including at least one of a femtosecond laser and a picosecond laser. The structuring is macrostructuring with dimensions of over 20 m and depths up to 150 m and more. The short pulse laser has: in single pulse operation, a fluence in the range of 0.5 J/cm.sup.2 to 3.5 J/cm.sup.2, and in burst operation, a mean burst fluence of 0.5 J/cm.sup.2 to 70 J/cm.sup.2 per pulse; a wavelength of 532 nm to 1064 nm; a repetition rate of 1 kHz to 10 MHz; a pulse to pulse spacing on the roller of 10% to 50% of the beam diameter for the femtosecond laser and of 10-25% and 40-50% of the beam width for the picosecond laser; a laser pulse position near the roller surface; and deflection velocities of up to 100 m/s and more.