A front-side conductive paste for a crystalline silicon solar cell is provided. The front-side conductive paste for a crystalline silicon solar cell includes, in parts by weight, 80.0-93.0 parts of a metal powder, 6.0-15.0 parts of an organic carrier, and 1.0-5.0 parts of an oxide etching agent, where based on 100% by mole of the oxide etching agent, the oxide etching agent includes 15-30% of PbO; 25-40% of TeO.sub.2; 8.0-15.0% of Li.sub.2O; 9.0-20.0% of SiO.sub.2; 5.0-15.0% of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3; 0.5-10.0% of ZnO; and either one or both of 0.1-10.0% of MgO and 0.1-10.0% of CaO; and no more than 5.0% of an oxide of additional metal elements. The metal powder forms good ohmic contact with crystalline silicon substrate during the sintering process of the front-side conductive paste applied overlying an insulation film on the substrate. Finally, a front-side electrode of low contact resistance, good electrical conductivity, and strong adhesion is obtained.

In a first printing step, metallic ink is applied to a color metallic area where a color metallic image on a print medium having a receiving layer containing a dye coagulating agent for coagulating a dye is formed, while moving the print head in a main-scanning direction. In a conveyance step, a print medium is conveyed by a predetermined distance in a conveyance direction crossing the main-scanning direction, after the first printing step. In a second printing step, a first color ink is applied to the color metallic area while moving the print head in the main-scanning direction. an application time difference until application of the first color ink to the color metallic area in the second printing step after application of the metallic ink to the color metallic area in the first printing step is included in a target range regardless of the image data.

A method for creating a honeycomb core having venting pathways includes controlling where a resin is applied to sheets by creating a resin affinity portion and a resin repellant portion on the sheets. The resin affinity portion and the resin repellant portion forms the venting pathways. A honeycomb substrate is then formed from the sheets.

A cosmetic sheet to be attached to a skin includes a thin film, one surface of which is to be attached to a skin, a complementary color layer used for obscuring a discolored portion of the skin, the complementary color layer being disposed on the thin film and containing a colorant complementary to a color of the discolored portion, a light-scattering layer disposed on the complementary color layer and containing a reflective material; a coloring layer disposed on the light-scattering layer and containing a colorant; and a glossy layer disposed on the coloring layer and containing a gloss agent.

Methods, electrodes, and electrochemical devices using pseudo-graphite composites are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a method may include forming a composite material comprising pseudo-graphite. The method may further include depositing the composite material onto a surface of an electrode substrate to produce an electrode having a composite pseudo-graphite surface.

The present invention provides a substrate having a unidirectional water transport property, the substrate comprised of a fluid permeable structure and including: an inner side surface; and an outer side surface having a higher absorbent capacity than the inner side surface, wherein the inner side surface has a hydrophobic surface layer extending continuously over at least one section thereof, the hydrophobic surface layer having a predetermined thickness which, in use, produces a substantial hydrophobic property to contacting water, whilst allowing for water contacting the inner side surface of the substrate to wick through the hydrophobic surface layer into the substrate; and wherein the substrate is respectively comprised of hydrophobic channels and hydrophilic channels which respectively extend between the inner side surface and the outer side surface.

Aqueous dispersions of artificially synthesized, mussel-inspired polydopamine nanoparticles were inkjet printed on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. Narrow line patterns (4 m in width) of polydopamine resulted due to evaporatively driven transport (coffee ring effect). The printed patterns were metallized via a site-selective Cu electroless plating process at a controlled temperature (30 C.) for varied bath times. The lowest electrical resistivity value of the plated Cu lines was about 6 times greater than the bulk resistivity of Cu. This process presents an industrially viable way to fabricate Cu conductive fine patterns for flexible electronics at low temperature, and low cost.

Provided herein is a water-based metallic ink composition specifically adapted for direct digital inkjet printing on non-while fabrics and textile, which affords high resolution, high gloss and high luster metallic effect (high flop index) in decorations and designs that are wash-fast and stretchable. Also provided are processes of using the metallic ink compositions with other colored ink composition in direct digital inkjet printing on textile.

Apparatuses and methods for applying a transfer material from a transfer component onto the surface of an article are disclosed, including apparatuses and methods of transfer printing on and/or decorating three-dimensional articles, as well as the articles printed and/or decorated thereby. In some embodiments, the method may utilize a printer such as an inkjet printer. In some cases, the transfer material may be a UV curable ink and/or adhesive. When the transfer material is UV curable, the transfer component may be permeable to UV radiation to allow curing of the ink and/or adhesive therethrough. UV curable adhesives including thiol-acrylate and thiol-ene acrylate inkjet-able adhesives are disclosed. The UV curable adhesive may be colored (such as with white pigment) in lieu of providing a base (white) ink layer so that more UV radiation will be able to pass through the ink layer(s) in order to reach the adhesive.

A method for inkjet printing glass to have a metallic appearance by an inkjet process is disclosed herein. It comprises the following steps of cleaning and drying a glass to be inkjet printed; inkjet printing an ink bottom layer on a surface of the glass and a metallic ink layer on the ink bottom layer; and inkjet printing a transparent protective ink layer on the metallic ink layer.