A heater includes a heat generation element which includes a heater wire which spreads in a planar manner, and a metal plate serving as a heat dissipation element which includes a material having a high thermal conductivity, which is placed on a vehicle windowpane side of the heat generation element, which is heated by heat from the heat generation element, and which irradiates heat to the vehicle windowpane side. The vehicle windowpane is heated by the heat irradiated from the metal plate serving as the heat dissipation element.

To provide an automobile window glass having an antifogging function, which can secure a favorable field of view of passengers in an automobile.

A windshield 10 according to an embodiment comprises an in-vehicle camera 20, a conductor 26, and wirings 36 and 40 to connect the conductor 26 and a battery 38. The conductor 26 has a heating portion 30, and has a resistor 50 between the heating portion 30 and the battery 38. The heating portion 30 heats an information transmitting/receiving region 28 which allows the in-vehicle camera 20 to take an image of the scenery outside the automobile through the windshield 10. The resistor 50 has a resistance corresponding to the resistance of a surplus wire at the heating portion.

Electroacoustic device (5) comprising: an ultrasonic wave transducer (15) comprising a piezoelectric substrate (10) and first (30) and second (35) electrodes in contact with the piezoelectric substrate, and a carrier (10), the transducer being attached to the carrier and acoustically coupled to the carrier, and the first and second electrodes being sandwiched, at least partly, between the piezoelectric substrate and the carrier, the device being configured to generate an ultrasonic surface wave (W) propagating through the carrier at a distance from the transducer when an electric current passes through the first and second electrodes.

Device for cleaning a support member covered with a liquid Electroacoustic device (10) comprising:—a support member (50),—at least two wave transducers (15a-h) which are acoustically coupled to the support member and each configured to generate an ultrasonic surface wave (Wa-h) which propagates in the support member, the propagation directions (P) of the ultrasonic surface waves generated by the transducers being different;—a control unit (40), the device comprising an analysis unit (35) which is configured to estimate the orientation of the external force (OFe) which is applied to a liquid when the liquid is in contact with the support member and/or the device being configured to receive the estimate of the orientation of the external force, the control unit being configured to control at least one of the transducers, from the estimate of the orientation of the external force, so that the acoustic force which is applied to the liquid and produced by the interaction between the ultrasonic surface wave(s) and the liquid is orientated in a predetermined direction.

Device for cleaning a support member covered with a liquid Electroacoustic device (10) comprising:—a support member (50),—at least two wave transducers (15a-h) which are acoustically coupled to the support member and each configured to generate an ultrasonic surface wave (Wa-h) which propagates in the support member, the propagation directions (P) of the ultrasonic surface waves generated by the transducers being different;—a control unit (40), the device comprising an analysis unit (35) which is configured to estimate the orientation of the external force (OFe) which is applied to a liquid when the liquid is in contact with the support member and/or the device being configured to receive the estimate of the orientation of the external force, the control unit being configured to control at least one of the transducers, from the estimate of the orientation of the external force, so that the acoustic force which is applied to the liquid and produced by the interaction between the ultrasonic surface wave(s) and the liquid is orientated in a predetermined direction.

A cover portion (300) includes a transmission portion (310) and a heater portion (320). At least a portion of the heater portion (320) is disposed on a lower side (negative side of a sixth direction (V)) of the transmission portion (310) and on one of opposite lateral sides (positive side of a fifth direction (L)) of the transmission portion (310). An amount of heat generated per unit length of the heater portion (320) in a direction along an outer periphery of the transmission portion (310) on the lower side (negative side of the sixth direction (V)) of the transmission portion (310) is higher than an amount of heat generated per unit length of the heater portion (320) in a direction along the outer periphery of the transmission portion (310) on the one of the opposite lateral sides (positive side of the fifth direction (L)) of the transmission portion (310).

A MEMS scanning device may include: a movable MEMS mirror configured to pivot about at least one axis; at least one actuator operable to rotate the MEMS mirror about the at least one axis, each actuator out of the at least one actuator operable to bend upon actuation to move the MEMS mirror; and at least one flexible interconnect element coupled between the at least one actuator and the MEMS mirror for transferring a pulling force of the bending of the at least one actuator to the MEMS mirror. Each flexible interconnect element out of the at least one interconnect element may be an elongated structure comprising at least two turns at opposing directions, each turn greater than 120°.

A MEMS scanning device may include: a movable MEMS mirror configured to pivot about at least one axis; at least one actuator operable to rotate the MEMS mirror about the at least one axis, each actuator out of the at least one actuator operable to bend upon actuation to move the MEMS mirror; and at least one flexible interconnect element coupled between the at least one actuator and the MEMS mirror for transferring a pulling force of the bending of the at least one actuator to the MEMS mirror. Each flexible interconnect element out of the at least one interconnect element may be an elongated structure comprising at least two turns at opposing directions, each turn greater than 120°.

Multilayer metallo-dielectric energy control coatings are disclosed in which one or more layers are formed from a hydrogenated metal nitride dielectric, which may be hydrogenated during or after dielectric deposition. Properties of the multilayer coating may be configured by appropriately tuning the hydrogen concentration (and/or the spatial profile thereof) in one or more hydrogenated metal nitride dielectric layers. One or more metal layers of the multilayer coating may be formed on a hydrogenated nitride dielectric layer, thereby facilitating adhesion of the metal with a low percolation threshold and enabling the formation of thin metal layers that exhibit substantial transparency in the visible spectrum. Optical properties of the coating may be tuned through modulation of metal-dielectric interface roughness and dispersion of metal nanoparticles in the dielectric layer. Electrical busbars and micro-nano electrical grids may be integrated with one or more metal layers to provide functionality such as de-icing and defogging.

The present disclosure provides glass, and a manufacturing method and a control method thereof. The glass includes a first glass layer, a plurality of transparent conductive strips and a second glass layer. The plurality of transparent conductive strips are between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, and are configured to generate heat when being supplied with power.