A composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) and 1,1-difluoroethylene (R-1132a) is described. The composition can also comprise additional compounds, such as at least one non-flammable compound selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide (CO2; R-744), tetrafluoromethane (R-14), trifluoromethane (R-23) and perfluoroethane (R-116) or at least one additional compound of lower volatility than 1,1-difluoroethylene selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (R-1123), difluoromethane (R-32), propane (R-290), propylene (R-1270), fluoroethane (R-161), pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluopropene (R-1234yf), isobutane (R-600a), n-butane (R-600), trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluopropene (R-1234ze(E)), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R-1243zf), 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (R-1225ye), 1, 1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R-227ea), 1,1- difluoroethane (R-152a), cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluopropene (R-1234ze(Z)), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R-1233zd(E/Z)) and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (R-1336mzz(E/Z)). The compositions have utility as refrigerants in vapour compression heat transfer systems.

A catalyst-free electrochemical deuteration method using deuterium oxide as a deuterium source, adding an electrolyte, an organic compound containing an ethylenic bond or acetylenic bond, deuterium oxide, and an organic solvent into a reactor, applying a direct current voltage of 4-8 V between electrodes of a carbon felt in an atmosphere of an inert gas for an electrolytic reaction, to obtain a product, and purifying the product to obtain a deuterated product. In the method provided by the present disclosure, with the organic compound containing an ethylenic bond or acetylenic bond as a raw material, deuterium oxide as a deuterium source, cheap and readily available carbon electrode materials as cathodes and anodes, it is possible to obtain deuterated products by a direct current electrolysis in an organic solvent, without any transition metal catalysts.

The invention concerns a method for purifying a hydroalcoholic feedstock, comprising: a) a step of counter-current liquid-liquid extraction, comprising an extraction section supplied at the top with said hydroalcoholic feedstock and at least one intermediate raffinate fraction from step b) and at the bottom with an extraction solvent, and producing at the top an extraction stream and at the bottom a raffinate, wherein the extraction section is operated at a mean temperature in the extractor of between 10 and 40° C.; b) a counter-current liquid-liquid back-extraction comprising a back-extraction section supplied at the top with an acidic aqueous solution, having a pH between 0.5 and 5.0, and at the bottom with the extraction stream from step a), and producing at the top an extract and at the bottom the intermediate raffinate, wherein the back-extraction section is operated at a mean temperature between 40 and 80° C.

A method of preparing a Senna obtusifolia seed extract rich in anthraquinones and a galactomannan extract includes the following steps: (1) crushing Senna obtusifolia seeds into a Senna obtusifolia seed powder; (2) extracting the Senna obtusifolia seed powder with 40-85% ethanol, filtering to obtain an extract solution and a residue; (3) concentrating the extract solution under vacuum to obtain a concentrated extract solution, spray-drying the concentrated extract solution to obtain the Senna obtusifolia seed extract; (4) extracting the residue with membrane filtered water, conducting a centrifugation to obtain a supernatant; (5) adding ammonium sulfate and ethanol to the supernatant to form a two-phase aqueous system, collecting a bottom layer of the two-phase aqueous system; and (6) conducting an ultrafiltration of the bottom layer with a cut-off molecular weight of 50 k-200 k to obtain a galactomannan extract solution, drying the galactomannan extract solution under vacuum to obtain the galactomannan extract.

Methods of isolating phenols from phenol-containing media. The methods include combining a phospholipid-containing composition with the phenol-containing medium to generate a combined medium, incubating the combined medium to precipitate phenols in the combined medium and thereby form a phenol precipitate phase and a phenol-depleted phase, and separating the phenol precipitate phase and the phenol-depleted phase. The methods can further include extracting phenols from the separated phenol precipitate phase. The extracting can include mixing the separated phenol precipitate phase with an extraction solvent to solubilize in the extraction solvent at least a portion of the phenols originally present in the phenol precipitate phase.

Methods for detecting and extracting plastic contaminants within a water sample, which involve introducing the water sample to a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent, are provided.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying caprolactam from solutions of crude caprolactam by a direct treatment with one or more alkaline compounds of polyvalent metals, preferably bivalent and trivalent, without resorting to organic solvent extraction as used in the usual purification process. A further subject of the present invention is a facility devoid of a unit for organic solvent extraction and designed to carry out the caprolactam purification process described herein.

The invention discloses a phenylbenzofuran compound, preparation method therefor, composition containing the same and medical application thereof. The phenylbenzofuran compound is represented by the formula ##STR00001##
The preparation method includes a traditional Chinese medicine extraction method by using Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix Et Rhizoma coarse powder as a raw material, and a chemical synthesis method. Active component of the composition is phenylbenzofuran compound, and composition is a drug, food or health product. The application of the phenylbenzofuran compound in the preparation of a drug, a food or health product for preventing or treating a tumor, wherein the tumor is nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The phenylbenzofuran compound is prepared by traditional Chinese medicine extraction method and chemical synthesis method. It has been proved that phenylbenzofuran has certain inhibition effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE-1 and CNE-2 by tumor cell experiments in vitro.

A method of preparing paprika red pigment with low polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons includes (1) drying, crushing and granulating mature peppers to obtain pepper particles; (2) extracting the pepper particles with a vegetable oil in a rotocel extractor to obtain a paprika red pigment solution; (3) extracting the paprika red pigment solution with an ethanol solution in a liquid-liquid extractor to remove spicy substances; (4) running the paprika red pigment solution through a low-pressure chromatography column to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and (5) concentrating the paprika red pigment solution to obtain the paprika red pigment with low polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Provided is a process for production of fucoxanthin and/or polysaccharides from microalgae and the use of purified fucoxanthin thereof in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutraceutical and food compositions.