For the purification of waste gas containing carbon compounds and nitrogen oxides by means of a regenerative post-combustion system, at least two regenerators (A, B, C) filled with heat accumulator bodies (7a, 7b, 7c) and connected by a combustion chamber (10) are provided, wherein the waste gas is alternately heated in a regenerator (A, B, C), the carbon compounds are oxidised in the combustion chamber (10), and, with the addition of a nitrogen-hydrogen compound, the nitrogen oxides are reduced in the combustion chamber (10) thermally and thus not catalytically. Remaining nitrogen oxides are removed by means of a catalytically active heat accumulator layer (6a, 6b, 6c) and the addition of a further nitrogen-hydrogen compound in the regenerator (A, B, C) from which the clean gas exits.

Provided is a hydrogen reformer using exhaust gas, comprising: a catalytic reaction unit which generates a reforming gas containing hydrogen when exhaust gas generated in an engine and fuel are supplied thereto; and a heat exchange chamber which is mounted on an outer surface of the catalytic reaction unit and exchanges heat between the exhaust gas and the catalytic reaction unit to supply heat that is required for an endothermic reaction of the catalytic reaction unit, wherein heat of the exhaust gas is used for the endothermic reaction of a catalyst, such that a separate heat source for the endothermic reaction is unnecessary.

A counter-current cross-flow heat exchanger for heating a first gas and cooling a second gas, includes modules in fluid communication with one another, each module being positioned on a plane, the planes mutually overlapping. Conduits allow entry and exit of the first and second gases into and out of the exchanger. Each module has heat exchange plates, with heating and cooling faces. The plates are orthogonal to the module plane and parallel to define alternating heating and cooling spaces. The first gas crosses each heating space with a direction substantially parallel to the plane of each module and the second gas crosses each cooling space with a direction substantially orthogonal to the plane of each module. The cooling spaces between adjacent modules are in direct fluid communication. The heating spaces between adjacent modules are in fluid communication with one another by conduits/conveyors, creating a serpentine path.

A method and apparatus to capture carbon dioxide from combustion products in a flue gas, using replenishable anhydrous metal hydroxides, and capturing heat from an exothermic reaction of the carbon dioxide with the anhydrous metal hydroxides re-use in another heat using system.

A system for carbon dioxide removal from product from a direct contact steam generation system is provided. The system comprises a direct contact steam generation system, a pressurized heat recovery system, and a CO.sub.2 separation system, wherein the direct contact steam generation system converts a gaseous, liquid or solid fuel, in the presence of oxygen, using a moderate water, to produce a mixed vapour stream to be then led into the pressurized heat recovery system to produce a partially condensed product, which is led into the CO.sub.2 separation system to reduce the CO.sub.2 content to produce a CO.sub.2-lean liquid product, and the pressurized heat recovery system utilizes latent heat of the mixed vapour stream to produce a lower pressure vapour stream from the CO.sub.2-lean liquid product exiting the CO.sub.2 separation system.

Process for reducing the content of NOx and N2O from an input tail gas of a nitric acid process, said input tail gas having a temperature lower than 400 C., the process comprising an abatement stage at least including a deN2O stage and deNOx stage and providing a conditioned tail gas having a temperature greater than the input tail gas, wherein, prior to submission to said abatement stage, said input tail gas is pre-heated to a temperature of at least 400 C. by indirect heat exchange with at least a portion of said conditioned gas.

A ship with a flue gas carbon dioxide capture and storage plant has a main engine such as a slow running diesel engine providing flue gas. The flue gas is led via a flue gas heat exchanger with a thermal fluid exit to a re-boiler and arranged for cooling said flue gas. Further cooled flue gas is led into a turbine compressor compressing it up to a compressed flue gas. A combustion chamber is provided with a fuel feed and a pre-mix gas burner for afterburning said compressed flue gas which also burns remaining methane from the diesel engine, resulting in hot afterburned compressed flue gas enriched in CO.sub.2. The CO2-absorber (20) leading said CO.sub.2-enriched absorber solution to a CO.sub.2-stripper (21), operating at e.g. 1 Bar and exporting CO2 to a CO2-compressor (26) to a CO.sub.2-export line (28) to onboard CO.sub.2 pressure tanks.

Configurations and related processing schemes of direct or indirect (or both) intra-plants and thermally coupled heating systems synthesized for grassroots medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries to increase energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste heat sources are described. Configurations and related processing schemes of direct or indirect (or both) intra-plants and thermally coupled heating systems synthesized for integrated medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries and aromatics complex for increasing energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste sources are also described.

Configurations and related processing schemes of inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants' direct or indirect heating systems synthesized for grassroots medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries to increase energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste heat sources are described. Configurations and related processing schemes of inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants' direct or indirect heating systems synthesized for integrated medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries and aromatics complex for increasing energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste sources are also described.

A method for producing a synthetic fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide comprises extracting hydrogen molecules from hydrogen compounds in a hydrogen feedstock to produce a hydrogen-containing fluid stream; extracting carbon dioxide molecules from a dilute gaseous mixture in a carbon dioxide feedstock to produce a carbon dioxide containing fluid stream; and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams to produce a synthetic fuel. At least some thermal energy and/or material used for at least one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams is obtained from thermal energy and/or material produced by another one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams.