Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods of removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream using magnesium hydroxide and then regenerating the magnesium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the systems and methods can further comprise using the waste heat from one or more gas streams to provide some or all of the heat needed to drive the reactions. In some embodiments, magnesium chloride is primarily in the form of magnesium chloride dihydrate and is fed to a decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxychloride, which is in turn fed to a second decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxide.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods of removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream using magnesium hydroxide and then regenerating the magnesium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the systems and methods can further comprise using the waste heat from one or more gas streams to provide some or all of the heat needed to drive the reactions. In some embodiments, magnesium chloride is primarily in the form of magnesium chloride dihydrate and is fed to a decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxychloride, which is in turn fed to a second decomposition reactor to generate magnesium hydroxide.

The disclosure concerns a process for producing formic acid, having (a) a carbon capture step in which a source of carbon dioxide is contacted with an amine solution in a closed-top scrubber, to obtain an ammonium bicarbonate solution; (b) inducing crystallization in the ammonium bicarbonate solution to obtain a concentrated ammonium bicarbonate solution; (c) subjecting the concentrated ammonium bicarbonate solution to a hydrogenation step to obtain an ammonium formate; and (d) heating the ammonium formate to a temperature in the range of 50-150° C., to obtain a gaseous product containing the amine and a liquid product stream containing formic acid. The source of carbon dioxide has a carbon dioxide content of at least 95 vol % and the amine used in step (a) and reformed in step (d) has a partial vapour pressure above a 40 wt % solution of the amine in water at 20° C. of at least 40 kPa. The disclosure further concerns a system for performing the process.

The disclosure concerns a process for producing formic acid, having (a) a carbon capture step in which a source of carbon dioxide is contacted with an amine solution in a closed-top scrubber, to obtain an ammonium bicarbonate solution; (b) inducing crystallization in the ammonium bicarbonate solution to obtain a concentrated ammonium bicarbonate solution; (c) subjecting the concentrated ammonium bicarbonate solution to a hydrogenation step to obtain an ammonium formate; and (d) heating the ammonium formate to a temperature in the range of 50-150° C., to obtain a gaseous product containing the amine and a liquid product stream containing formic acid. The source of carbon dioxide has a carbon dioxide content of at least 95 vol % and the amine used in step (a) and reformed in step (d) has a partial vapour pressure above a 40 wt % solution of the amine in water at 20° C. of at least 40 kPa. The disclosure further concerns a system for performing the process.

In a hydrocarbon-fed steam methane reformer hydrogen-production process and system, carbon dioxide is recovered in a pre-combustion context, and optionally additional amounts of carbon dioxide are recovered in a post-combustion carbon dioxide removal, to provide the improved carbon dioxide recovery or capture disclosed herein.

In a hydrocarbon-fed steam methane reformer hydrogen-production process and system, carbon dioxide is recovered in a pre-combustion context, and optionally additional amounts of carbon dioxide are recovered in a post-combustion carbon dioxide removal, to provide the improved carbon dioxide recovery or capture disclosed herein.

A recyclable ceramic catalyst filter, a filtering system including the same, and a method of managing the filtering system are provided. The ceramic catalyst filter has a monolithic structure including a first surface which blocks a first material; and a second surface which removes a second material that passed through the first surface, where the second surface is activated and operates as a catalyst layer which removes the second material in response to energy supplied to the second surface.

A recyclable ceramic catalyst filter, a filtering system including the same, and a method of managing the filtering system are provided. The ceramic catalyst filter has a monolithic structure including a first surface which blocks a first material; and a second surface which removes a second material that passed through the first surface, where the second surface is activated and operates as a catalyst layer which removes the second material in response to energy supplied to the second surface.

A vehicle compartment purification system configured to be capable of executing a regeneration mode of a functional material by a controller, the regeneration mode including a first regeneration step in which the air is flowed through a plurality of cells of a heater element at a flow velocity A for a predetermined time from a start of the regeneration mode, and after the first regeneration step, a second regeneration step in which the air is flowed through the plurality of cells at a flow velocity B and flowed out to the outflow piping; wherein the flow velocity A and the flow velocity B satisfy the flow velocity A<the flow velocity B, provided that a direction from a first end surface to a second end surface of the heater element is regarded as a positive direction, and the flow velocity B is a positive value.

A vehicle compartment purification system configured to be capable of executing a regeneration mode of a functional material by a controller, the regeneration mode including a first regeneration step in which the air is flowed through a plurality of cells of a heater element at a flow velocity A for a predetermined time from a start of the regeneration mode, and after the first regeneration step, a second regeneration step in which the air is flowed through the plurality of cells at a flow velocity B and flowed out to the outflow piping; wherein the flow velocity A and the flow velocity B satisfy the flow velocity A<the flow velocity B, provided that a direction from a first end surface to a second end surface of the heater element is regarded as a positive direction, and the flow velocity B is a positive value.