Disclosed herein are polycationic microfibers comprising a high-aspect-ratio polymeric core, the polymeric core comprising a blend of a first core polymer and a second core polymer, and a polycationic polymer immobilized on the surface of the polymeric core. The polycationic microfibers are capable of sequestering or clearing nucleic acids, proteins, biomolecular complexes, exosomes, or microparticles from solutions and samples and may be formed into filters or integrated into filtration apparatuses. Also disclosed are methods for sequestering or clearing solutes from solutions and fluids, methods for the treatment of diseases or conditions, and methods for the prevention of diseases or conditions.

The present invention provides a CO.sub.2-photothermal dual-responsive nanoemulsion separation membrane, relating to the field of chemical separation technology. The membrane is woven from fibers with a three-layer structure: (i) a fiber core, (ii) a middle photothermal coating of carbon-based nanomaterials and polyvinyl alcohol, and (iii) an outer CO.sub.2-responsive functional coating synthesized via free radical polymerization of a CO.sub.2-responsive monomer and a hard monomer. The separation membrane has a pore size distribution below 0.1 m. It exhibits excellent photothermal performance, enabling significant temperature increase on the membrane surface within 15 seconds under near-infrared irradiation, thereby achieving a transition from a protonated to a deprotonated state within 1 minute.

Ion exchange membranes obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a monomer comprising an aromatic group and at least one polymerisable ethylenically unsaturated group; (b) a photoinitiator which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength longer than 380 nm when measured in one or more of the following solvents at a temperature of 23 C.: water, ethanol and toluene; and (c) at least one co-initiator.

The present invention provides a new pervaporation membrane suitable for separating a volatile organic compound from an aqueous solution containing the organic compound. A pervaporation membrane of the present invention includes: a separation functional layer; and a porous support supporting the separation functional layer. The porous support has a surface facing the separation functional layer, the surface including a plurality of opening portions. An average diameter of the opening portions is 0.5 m or more. For the pervaporation membrane, a peeling strength measured by a test below is 0.15 N/20 mm or more. Test: The pervaporation membrane is cut to 20 mm in width and 150 mm in length to give a test piece. The separation functional layer of the test piece is peeled off the porous support of the test piece at a peel angle of 180 and a tensile speed of 300 mm/min.

A method of manufacturing a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane includes forming one or more hollow fibers, the one or more hollow fibers including a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer; exposing the one or more hollow fibers to a caustic solution, wherein the caustic solution includes a strong base and a solvent; applying a tension at opposite ends of the one or more hollow fibers, thereby maintaining the one or more hollow fibers in a straight shape; pretreating the one or more hollow fibers under the tension by heating at a first temperature of from 120 C. to 200 C. with air, an inert gas, or combinations thereof; pyrolyzing the one or more hollow fibers at a second temperature of from 500 C. to 1500 C. with inert gas; and bundling the one or more hollow fibers to form the CMS membrane.

Separation membranes and filters include (a) a porous substrate with a surface having reactive functional groups; (b) a polymerization initiator chemically bonded to at least one surface of the porous substrate via reaction with the reactive functional groups on the surface of the substrate; and (c) a polymeric coating layer prepared by a radical polymerization process from an aqueous monomer composition comprising at least one free radical polymerizable monomer having at least one hydrophilic functional group, such as a (meth)acrylamide group. The polymeric coating layer is chemically bonded to and propagated from the polymerization initiator, and the polymeric coating layer demonstrates hydrophilicity, such as a water contact angle less than 10 degrees. Also provided are methods of separating an aqueous fluid stream using the described filters or membranes.

Separation membranes and filters include (a) a porous substrate with a surface having reactive functional groups; (b) a polymerization initiator chemically bonded to at least one surface of the porous substrate via reaction with the reactive functional groups on the surface of the substrate; and (c) a polymeric coating layer prepared by a radical polymerization process from an aqueous monomer composition comprising at least one free radical polymerizable monomer having at least one hydrophilic functional group, such as a (meth)acrylamide group. The polymeric coating layer is chemically bonded to and propagated from the polymerization initiator, and the polymeric coating layer demonstrates hydrophilicity, such as a water contact angle less than 10 degrees. Also provided are methods of separating an aqueous fluid stream using the described filters or membranes.

The present disclosure relates to an electrode system for measuring the concentration of an analyte under in-vivo conditions, comprising an electrode with immobilized enzyme molecules and a diffusion barrier that controls diffusion of the analyte from body fluid surrounding the electrode system to the enzyme molecules.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to gas separation membranes which have one or more selective layers, methods for preparing such membranes, and methods for separating gases with such membranes. The gas separation membranes are capable of permeating one gas component selectively to a low-pressure or low-concentration permeate side at a greater transport rate than other gas components. In one or more embodiments, a separation membrane is provided and includes a non-woven fabric backing, a porous support layer disposed on the non-woven fabric backing, a gutter layer disposed on the porous support layer, and one or more selective layers disposed on or above the gutter layer. Each of the selective layers independently contains a selective polymeric material, and at least one of the selective layers contains an ethylene vinyl alcohol polymeric material as the selective polymeric material.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to gas separation membranes which have one or more selective layers, methods for preparing such membranes, and methods for separating gases with such membranes. The gas separation membranes are capable of permeating one gas component selectively to a low-pressure or low-concentration permeate side at a greater transport rate than other gas components. In one or more embodiments, a separation membrane is provided and includes a non-woven fabric backing, a porous support layer disposed on the non-woven fabric backing, a gutter layer disposed on the porous support layer, and one or more selective layers disposed on or above the gutter layer. Each of the selective layers independently contains a selective polymeric material, and at least one of the selective layers contains an ethylene vinyl alcohol polymeric material as the selective polymeric material.