A method for producing and using an alkaline aqueous ferric iron carbonate solution is disclosed. The method broadly comprises reacting at least one ferric iron salt reagent with at least one alkali metal carbonate salt reagent and forming an alkaline aqueous ferric iron carbonate solution comprising an aqueous-soluble, ferric iron carbonate complex. The reacting generally includes reacting a solid with an aqueous solution. The reacting may include reacting a solid comprising one or both of the ferric iron salt reagent and alkali metal carbonate salt reagent with an aqueous solution. A method for removing reduced sulfur compounds from a reduced sulfur-containing fluid is also disclosed.

The invention is directed to a control method for a process to convert bisulphide to elemental sulphur in an aqueous solution comprising sulphide-oxidising bacteria wherein the process is controlled by applying a potential between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode or between the anode electrode and the reference electrode of an electrochemical cell resulting in a current between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, measuring a current as measured by an electrochemical cell and adapting the process in response to the measured current. The process to convert bisulphide may comprise the following steps: (a) contacting bisulphide with oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria in the aqueous solution and elemental sulphur, (b) oxidizing the reduced sulphide-oxidising bacteria, (c) using the oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria obtained in step (b) in step (a) and (d) isolating elemental sulphur from the aqueous solution obtained in step (a) and/or step (b).

In a method for cooling of process gas between catalytic layers or beds in a sulfuric acid plant, in which sulfuric acid is produced from feed gases containing sulfurous components like SO.sub.2, H.sub.2S, CS.sub.2 and COS or liquid feeds like molten sulfur or spent sulfuric acid, one or more boilers, especially water tube boilers, are used instead of conventional steam superheaters to cool the process gas between the catalytic beds in the SO.sub.2 converter of the plant. Thereby a less complicated and more cost efficient heat exchanger layout is obtained.

A zeolite membrane complex includes a porous support, and a zeolite membrane formed on the support and composed of an 8-membered ring zeolite. The zeolite membrane is selectively permeable to hydrogen sulfide rather than nitrogen for a gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide.

A treatment process for remediating; contaminants in a mixture of contaminated fluids, including at least one liquid fluid and at least one gaseous fluid, includes the steps of: preparing a treatment composition containing at least 80 volume % of an aqueous solution containing at least one hydroxide compound at a collective concentration of 35-55 weight percent, and at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of fulvic acid and humic acid at a collective concentration of 0.1-5 wt % of the treatment composition; adding a dosage of the treatment composition to a mixture of contaminated fluids including a liquid portion and a gaseous portion; and allowing the treatment composition to react with the mixture of contaminated fluids for at least 10 minutes. A pH of the treatment composition is at least 12.0

Provided herein are metal organic frameworks comprising metal nodes and N-donor organic ligands which have high selectivity and stability in the present of gases and vapors including H.sub.2S, H.sub.2O, and CO.sub.2. Methods include capturing one or more of H.sub.2S, H.sub.2O, and CO.sub.2 from fluid compositions, such as natural gas.

A gas separation apparatus includes a separation membrane module including at least one gas separation membrane element in a housing, a casing for blocking external air, and a heat source unit for adjusting a temperature of a heat medium with which the casing is filled. The casing holds greater than or equal to two separation membrane modules.

Described herein are articles for separating gases. The article includes an amorphous fluorinated copolymer containing, one or more types of fluorinated dioxolane ring monomers, and one or more types of fluorinated non-dioxolane ring monomers, optionally with crosslinking between the fluorinated copolymer chains. The copolymers of fluorinated dioxolane ring monomers and fluorinated non-dioxolane ring monomers show a large differential in the permeability of certain gases compared with other gases. The resulting polymer membranes have superior selectivity and reliability performance in certain gas separations compared with previous compositions known to the art. Methods for making and using the article described are also provided,

A process is presented to treat a process gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide using a reverse jet absorber with a liquid treatment solution containing a chelated metal catalyst. A treat gas substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide is separated from a spent liquid treatment solution containing elemental sulfur which can then be regenerated in an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas to convert the spent liquid treatment solution to a regenerated liquid treatment solution that can be recycled for introduction into the reverse jet absorber.

Apparatus and methods for treating acid gas, which utilizes multi-stage absorption cycle of ammonia desulfurization to treat acid tail gas after pre-treatment of the acid gas, thereby achieving the purpose of efficient and low-cost treatment of acid tail gas. The parameters of the acid tail gas may be adjusted by a regulatory system such that the enthalpy value of the acid tail gas is in the range of 60-850 kJ/kg dry gas, for example, 80-680 kJ/kg dry gas or 100-450 kJ/kg dry gas, to meet the requirements of ammonia desulfurization, and achieve the synergy between the acid gas pre-treatment and ammonia desulfurization. Furthermore, hydrogen sulfide may be converted into sulfur/sulfuric acid plus ammonium sulfate at an adjustable ratio.