A desulfurizer material for desulfurizing fuel supplied to a fuel cell system, the desulfurizer material comprising one or more manganese oxide materials having an octahedral molecular sieve (OMS) structure, and the desulfurizer material being resistant to moisture and being capable of removing organic sulfur containing compounds and H.sub.2S. The desulfurizer material is used in a desulfurizer assembly which is used as part of a fuel cell system.

A method for removing ammonia (NH.sub.3) from a gas produced in a pulp mill (100). The method comprises producing raw non-condensable gas comprising ammonia (NH.sub.3) in the pulp mill (100) and transferring at least some of the raw non-condensable gas to a scrubber (200) containing aqueous scrubbing solution (130, 140). The method comprises adding a compound capable of decreasing a pH of the scrubbing solution to the scmbbing solution (130, 140) and in the scrubber (200), contacting the raw non-condensable gas with the scmbbing solution (130, 140), to react the ammonia (NH.sub.3) of the raw non-condensable gas with the scmbbing solution to produce clean non-condensable gas and ammonium (NH.sub.4.sup.+). A pulp mill comprising equipment for performing the method.

Disclosed herein are base metal catalyst devices for removing ozone, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. A catalyst device includes a housing, a solid substrate disposed within the housing, and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a first base metal catalyst at a first mass percent, a second base metal catalyst at a second mass percent, and a support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst. The preferred catalyst composition is a combination of manganese oxide and copper oxide.

Acid gas compounds are removed from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a CO.sub.2 removal unit to remove a substantial fraction of CO.sub.2 from the desulfurized gas.

Disclosed in certain embodiments are methods of removing water from a gas feed stream comprising hydrocarbons and water during an adsorption step of an adsorption cycle.

There is an absorbent mixture usable for the removal of sour gases from gas mixtures. The mixture has at least one organic base having a pK.sub.b (in water) less than or equal to 3.2; at least one alcoholic solvent of general formula R(OH).sub.n having a boiling temperature above or equal to 100° C. at ambient pressure, wherein R is a linear or branched saturated alkyl group having a number of carbon atoms between 2 and 20 and n is a whole number varying between 1 and 20; an aprotic polar solvent having a dielectric constant E at 25° C. greater than or equal to 30, a viscosity μ at 25° C. less than or equal to 14 cP, preferably less than or equal to 12 cP; and a boiling temperature at normal pressure equal to or above 130° C. There is also a process for the removal of sour gases using the absorbent mixture.

A filtering device is provided for filtering pollutants from a gas stream. The device includes a cartridge comprising an inner perforated passage, an outer perforated jacket, one or more non-perforated ends and a sorbent bed contained between the inner passage and the outer jacket; and a outer shell containing the cartridge and having a first port in fluid communication with the inner perforated passage and a second port in fluid communication with the outer perforated jacket. A flowpath of the gas stream into any one of the first port or the second port, through the sorbent bed and out of the other of the first port or the second port is a bidirectional flowpath. A method is further provided for filtering pollutants from a gas stream. The method includes the steps of allowing the gas stream to flow into a filtering device in a first direction, the device comprising a cartridge having a sorbent bed contained therein; directing the gas stream to bend in a second direction differing from the first direction as it enters the sorbent bed; and allowing the gas stream to pass through the sorbent bed and to exit the device.

A fuel cell system including a hydrocarbon fuel stream including a sulfur compound; a passive sorbent bed including a selective sulfur sorbent configured to remove the sulfur compound from the hydrocarbon fuel stream; a SCSO reactor, and an active sorbent bed comprising a sulfur oxide sorbent, wherein the active sorbet bed is configured to receive an effluent stream from the SCSO reactor and remove at least a portion of the sulfur oxides via the sulfur oxide sorbent. During start-up of the fuel cell system, the hydrocarbon fuel stream may be directed along a first flow pathway through the passive sorbent bed to remove the sulfur compound from the fuel stream during a first time period and then directed along a second flow pathway during a second time period that does not pass through the passive sorbent bed, e.g., once the SCSO reactor/active sorbent bed have reached operating temperature.

Treatment of hydrocarbon streams, and in one non-limiting embodiment refinery distillates, with high pH aqueous reducing agents, such as borohydride, results in reduction of the sulfur compounds such as disulfides, mercaptans and thioethers that are present to give easily removed sulfides. The treatment converts the original sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide or low molecular weight mercaptans that can be extracted from the distillate with caustic solutions, hydrogen sulfide or mercaptan scavengers, solid absorbents such as clay or activated carbon or liquid absorbents such as amine-aldehyde condensates and/or aqueous aldehydes.

Compositions that can be used to adsorb low concentration, of unwanted or target substances from a dynamic fluid stream or from an enclosed static vapor phase. Such adsorbency can be obtained with thermoplastic materials used in the form of bulk polymer or a film, fiber, web, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, sheet, packaging and other such structures including or surrounding the enclosed volume. The concentration should be reduced to non-offensive sensed limits or a limit that does not produce a biological response.