A system and method for providing inerting gas to a protected space is disclosed. The system includes an air separation module that includes an air inlet, a membrane with a permeability differential between oxygen and nitrogen, a nitrogen-enriched air outlet, and an oxygen-enriched air outlet. The system also includes an air flow path between an air source and the air separation module inlet, and an inerting gas flow path between the air separation module nitrogen-enriched air outlet and the protected space.

A CO.sub.2 separation system configured to separate CO.sub.2 from mixed gas containing CO.sub.2 includes a CO.sub.2 separator, a CO.sub.2 collector, and a pressure difference generator. The CO.sub.2 separator includes a separation membrane configured to separate the CO.sub.2 from the mixed gas, and a separation-membrane upstream chamber and a separation-membrane downstream chamber demarcated by the separation membrane. The CO.sub.2 separator is disposed to cause the mixed gas to flow into the separation-membrane upstream chamber. The pressure difference generator includes at least a negative pressure generator. The negative pressure generator is disposed on a gas path of the permeating gas that connects the separation-membrane downstream chamber and the CO.sub.2 collector.

Systems and methods are described for the direct air capture and removal of Carbon Dioxide Gas (CO.sub.2) from ambient environmental air at the Gigaton scale and the powering thereof with renewable energy sources utilizing Rail Transportation Equipment. Additional systems and methods are described for the removal of Emissions from Locomotives and removal of Localized Air-Pollution from urban areas and the powering thereof with renewable energy sources also utilizing Rail Transportation Equipment.

The disclosed embodiments relate to the design of a preconcentrator system for preconcentrating air samples. This preconcentrator system includes a plurality of preconcentrators that preconcentrate the air samples prior to chemical analysis, and a delivery structure comprising a manifold that selectively routes a sample airflow to the plurality of concentrators so that the plurality of preconcentrators receive a sample airflow concurrently or individually.

A method for scrubbing flue gas, comprising: providing a rotating packed bed device onboard a ship or an offshore floating vessel; mixing seawater with the flue gas under centrifugal force in the rotating packed bed device to prevent blow-by and produce a scrubbed flue gas having low sulfur; and discharging the scrubbed flue gas; wherein the scrubbed flue gas has less than half of the sulfur that was originally present in the flue gas before the mixing. Also, a system for scrubbing the flue gas according to the method described. Also, a marine ship, comprising: an engine that combusts HSFO; a rotating packed bed device, in a hull or funnel of the ship, comprising a rotating shaft and a porous material that mixes seawater with flue gas and reduces sulfur in the flue gas; and a connector from the engine and the rotating packed bed device.

An air composition adjusting device includes: a carbon dioxide separator that separates carbon dioxide from air-to-be-treated to be supplied to a target space; a gas supply path including a high concentration gas supply path through which the carbon dioxide separator communicates with the target space; and a controller that performs a carbon dioxide concentration raising operation of supplying a high carbon dioxide concentration gas, which has a higher carbon dioxide concentration than air-to-be-treated before being treated, to the target space through the high concentration gas supply path.

Methods and systems are provided for carrying out diagnostics of a bleed canister of an evaporative emissions control system in a vehicle. In one example, a method may include, loading the bleed canister during a refueling event, and then during an immediately subsequent engine start, detecting if the bleed canister is degraded or not based on output of an exhaust gas oxygen sensor.

A vehicle compartment purification system configured to be capable of executing a regeneration mode of a functional material by a controller, the regeneration mode including a first regeneration step in which the air is flowed through a plurality of cells of a heater element at a flow velocity A for a predetermined time from a start of the regeneration mode, and after the first regeneration step, a second regeneration step in which the air is flowed through the plurality of cells at a flow velocity B and flowed out to the outflow piping; wherein the flow velocity A and the flow velocity B satisfy the flow velocity A<the flow velocity B, provided that a direction from a first end surface to a second end surface of the heater element is regarded as a positive direction, and the flow velocity B is a positive value.

An air filter assembly for a bicycle is disclosed. The air filter assembly includes a body having a bracket and a frame. The bracket is configured to mount to a bicycle frame. The frame defines a tapered opening having a windward side and a leeward side. The tapered opening is larger on the windward side than on the leeward side. A removable air filter cartridge is mounted within the opening of the frame such that a force acting on the air filter cartridge on the windward side tends to wedge the air filter cartridge in the opening. A foam member is attached to an outer periphery of the air filter cartridge and is disposed between the air filter cartridge and the frame. The foam member is compressible so as to hold the air filter cartridge in the opening of the frame. The foam member compresses to a greater degree on the leeward side of the opening than on the windward side of the opening. The air filter assembly is mountable to a handle bar of a bicycle.

The solution of the invention is an internal combustion engine with oxygen concentrating equipment (80) wherein the air compressed in the compression stroke is not yet used for combustion but taken out of the cylinder space (15) and used for operating the oxygen concentrating equipment (80). The essence of the invention is that the cylinder space (15) and one or more cells of the oxygen concentrating equipment (80) are temporarily connected during each compression stroke of the engine. The air taken in the cylinder space (15) during the intake stroke and pushed out by the piston (5) during the compression stroke charges one or more cells (41 A-41Z, 51 A-51Z) of the oxygen concentrating equipment (80) and after separating most of the nitrogen in the cells (41 A-41Z, 51A-51Z), the oxygen rich air is injected into the cylinder space (15) through a compressor (33) at the beginning of the expansion stroke by an injector (11). The fuel is also introduced into the cylinder space (15) at the beginning of the expansion stroke by an injector. The ignition may be spark ignition, self-ignition (heat ignition) or their load dependent, speed dependent or power requirement dependent dynamic combination. The invention further relates to the method, the computer program product and the computer-readable medium operating the internal combustion engine with oxygen concentrating equipment.