A membrane element includes a central pipe having, in its outer periphery, holes; a membrane wound body in which a membrane member is wound on the central pipe; end members arranged, respectively, at both ends of the membrane wound body; and an exterior member fitted to at least an outer periphery of the membrane wound body. In this element, the exterior member includes a fiber reinforced resin having a reinforcing fiber wound on the outer periphery of the membrane wound body; the end members each includes flexible portions extended from a main body toward the membrane wound body; and the reinforcing fiber is wound also onto an outer periphery of the flexible portions in a state that the flexible portions are deformed toward an outer peripheral surface of the membrane wound body.

A spiral wound membrane module adapted for hyperfiltration and including at least one membrane envelope and feed spacer sheet wound about a central permeate tube to form an inlet and outlet scroll face and an outer periphery, wherein the feed spacer sheet includes: i) a feed entrance section extending along the permeate collection tube from the inlet scroll face toward the outlet scroll face, ii) a feed exit section extending along the outer periphery from the outlet scroll face toward the inlet scroll face, and iii) a central feed section located between the feed entrance section and the feed exit section; and wherein the feed entrance section has a median resistance to flow in a direction parallel to the permeate collection tube that is less than 25% of the median resistance to flow of the central feed section in a direction perpendicular to the permeate collection tube.

According to the present invention, there are provided a chamber for transplantation which has a high durability, and in which an enclosed biological constituent can be maintained for a long period of time because an interior space thereof is efficiently secured; and a method for manufacturing the chamber for transplantation. The chamber for transplantation includes one or more membranes for immunoisolation at a boundary between an inside and an outside of the chamber for transplantation, in which all of the membranes for immunoisolation include a porous membrane containing a polymer, and a joint portion at which the porous membranes are directly fusion welded to each other is provided. The method for manufacturing a chamber for transplantation includes preparing one or more porous membranes containing a polymer selected from polysulfone and polyethersulfone, bringing one part of the porous membrane into direct contact with another part of the porous membrane, and performing a heat fusion welding of the two parts that are in direct contact with each other at a temperature which is a glass transition temperature of the polymer or higher and lower than a melting point of the polymer.

An electrochemical separation device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a cell stack including a plurality of sub-blocks each having alternating depleting compartments and concentrating compartments and each including frame and channel portions disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. An internal seal formed of a first material is disposed between and in contact with the channel portions between adjacent sub-blocks in the cell stack and configured to prevent leakage between depleting compartments and concentrating compartments in the adjacent sub-blocks. An external seal formed of a second material having at least one material parameter different from the first material is disposed between and in contact with the frames of the adjacent sub-blocks in the cell stack and configured to prevent leakage from an internal volume of the electrochemical separation device to outside of the electrochemical separation device.

Membrane elements that use multiple membrane leaves may have a limited total active membrane area due to an increased diameter at the ends of the element. Membrane leaves may comprise a permeate carrier positioned between one or more membrane sheets. Adhesive may be used to seal one or more edges of the membrane leaf. The membrane sheets, permeate carrier and the adhesive contribute to the thickness of the edges of the membrane leaf and the diameter at the ends of the element. A reduced thickness of the edges of the permeate carrier may reduce the diameter at the ends of an element. Another permeate carrier sheet may also be used that is distanced from at least one edge of the membrane sheet so the permeate carrier sheet does not contribute towards the increased diameter at the ends of the element.

Spiral wound membrane rolls and modules and methods for making such membrane rolls and modules are described, along with water extraction or water filtrations systems including the spiral wound membrane rolls and modules and the use thereof in a forward osmosis process, an assisted forward osmosis process or a pressure retarded osmosis process

The disclosure relates to assembled membranes used in water treatment systems, including membranes used in reverse osmosis procedures and methods for making and using the membranes.

The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane humidifier, which improves binding force between a potting part and an inner case, and thus can maintain the binding force even if a fuel cell is repeatedly operated and stopped. A fuel cell membrane humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a humidification module for humidifying air, supplied from the outside, with the moisture of exhaust gas discharged from a fuel cell stack; and caps, which are each coupled to the both ends of the humidification module. The humidification module comprises at least one cartridge comprising: an inner case; a plurality of hollow fiber membranes placed inside the inner case; and a potting part which fixes the ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and which is filled in and coupled to the end part of the inner case.

An electrochemical separation device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a cell stack including a plurality of sub-blocks each having alternating depleting compartments and concentrating compartments and each including frame and channel portions disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. An internal seal formed of a first material is disposed between and in contact with the channel portions between adjacent sub-blocks in the cell stack and configured to prevent leakage between depleting compartments and concentrating compartments in the adjacent sub-blocks. An external seal formed of a second material having at least one material parameter different from the first material is disposed between and in contact with the frames of the adjacent sub-blocks in the cell stack and configured to prevent leakage from an internal volume of the electrochemical separation device to outside of the electrochemical separation device.

A filter module (1) has a housing (2) formed from a plastic and a filter (3) made from a plastic is arranged in the housing (2). The housing (2) is bonded adhesively to the filter (3) by an adhesive (15) via a first bonding surface (7, 18) made from a first plastic and via a second bonding surface (14, 19, 21) made from a second plastic. The adhesive bonding of the first bonding surface (7, 18) and the second bonding surface (14, 19, 21) is accomplished via an intermediate piece (10, 20) with the bonding surfaces (14, 18, 21) made from a plastic that is identical to or different from the first plastic. At least one of the bonding surfaces (7, 18, 19, 14, 21) has been activated by plasma or corona pre-treatment prior to the adhesive bonding.