The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to improved methods for the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals).

The invention relates to a method for operating a production plant for producing a chemical product (1) by reacting a H-functional reactant (2) with phosgene (3) during an interruption in production when taking at least one plant part of the production plant out of operation, wherein low-oxygen and oxygen-rich phosgene-containing exhaust gas flows are directed separately from one another in different phosgene decomposition directions and separately from one another—at spatially different points—into a combustion device, wherein plant parts that have not been taken out of operation are operated in a closed-circuit operating mode. The invention also relates to a production plant for producing a chemical product by reacting H-functional reactants with phosgene, which is suitable for being operated with the method according to the invention.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a chemical reaction which creates a product, wherein at least one reactant that is present in a liquid phase is subjected to a pressure change.

A process and system for cleaning a high pressure separator vessel in a polymerization reactor without removing the top cover and its associated bolts by providing a cleaning hole in a fluid fitting above and adjacent to the top cover, through which a cord or cable is fed and affixed to a rotatable cleaning nozzle. The cleaning nozzle is gradually raised, lowered and rotated to direct a high pressure liquid onto the interior walls of the vessel to remove accumulated waste material.

A portable, sustainable, and efficient system and apparatus for breaking down processed solid plastic waste and other polymer-based feedstock into fuel oil, sustainable energy, carbon char, and other useful products. With minor modifications, biomass can also be treated. Distributed microwave heating sources and mechanical mixing effectively mix heat in a highly insulated reactor that protects the microwave components, makes fast pyrolysis possible, and thereby enables scaling down to compact and highly portable systems. Products include diesel, gasoline, propane, butane, and char. Product materials are distributed using tight temperature control and mechanical routing.

A method of remediating pesticides from an agricultural oil includes mixing a reaction solvent, a reducing agent, and an agricultural oil into a reaction mixture in a reaction vessel, controlling the temperature of the reaction mixture, producing a pre-neutralization mixture including a separation solvent, transferring the pre-neutralization mixture into a neutralization reactor that contains a neutralization agent, mixing the pre-neutralization mixture with the neutralization agent and allowing separation into an aqueous layer and a separation solvent layer, draining the aqueous layer, and distilling the separation solvent in the separation solvent layer from the remediated agricultural oils. A system has a reactor vessel, the reactor vessel having one or more inlets to allow a reducing agent, the agricultural oil, the separation solvent, and other additives as needed to produce a reaction mixture, a temperature control unit to control a temperature of the reaction mixture at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, a neutralization vessel fluidically connected to the reactor vessel to receive the reaction mixture from the reactor vessel, the neutralization vessel having an inlet to allow a neutralization agent to be introduced into the neutralization vessel to produce a neutralized reaction mixture, and a valve arranged at a bottom of the neutralization vessel to allow an aqueous phase of the reaction mixture to be drained from the neutralization vessel.

There are provided methods of treating a catalyst-containing reactor system with a liquid solvent to remove contaminants from the reactor system. An exemplary method includes the steps of: isolating the reactor system to be treated from upstream and downstream equipment; reducing the temperature and pressure of the isolated reactor system by flushing with a hydrogen rich gas; injecting a non-aqueous liquid solvent into the reactor system at an injection point while continuously flowing hydrogen-rich gas through the reactor system; maintaining the solvent in a liquid state while flowing the solvent continuously through the reactor system; and terminating the step of injecting solvent and terminating the continuous flowing of hydrogen-rich gas. The exemplary method is free of the injecting of a carrier gas into the reactor system comprising alkanes selected from the methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane.

A device for carrying out a chemical reaction by a continuous method has a reactor with at least two reactor sections which define a direction of flow. The reactor has plug flow properties along the direction of flow. A recirculation line is present to withdraw a partial flow from the reactor at a first point and return it to the reactor at a second point located above the first point in the direction of flow. Means are provided which prevent a temperature increase in the reactor over a predetermined temperature range, for example change of more than approximately 50 K.

Methods and systems for using temperature measurements taken from a compact insulated skin thermowell to optimize a pyrolysis reaction are provided. In the present systems and methods, the upstream temperature and the upstream pressure of a pyrolysis reactor is measured through an adiabatic restriction in the inlet manifold of a parallel tube assembly to provide an absolute upstream temperature and an upstream pressure. The downstream temperature of the pyrolysis reactor is also measured following an adiabatic restriction to provide an absolute downstream temperature. The downstream pressure is then determined by multiplying the absolute upstream pressure with the quotient of the downstream temperature divided by the upstream temperature as taken to the power of k/k1, where k is the ratio of fluid specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) to fluid specific heat at constant volume (Cv).

Processes for making bicyclic compounds and precursors thereof, and particularly for making [1.1.1]propellane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane and derivatives thereof, utilize continuous flow reaction methods and conditions. A continuous process for making [1.1.1]propellane can be conducted under reaction conditions that advantageously minimize clogging of a continuous flow reactor. A continuous flow process can be used to make precursors of [1.1.1]propellane.