The present invention is a production method for ammonia and ammonia derivatives in a Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor. Said production method comprising the steps of: a) producing at least some section of ammonia as a result of balance reaction of ammonia by means of nitrogen and hydrogen catalyst in at least one primary reaction zone (RZ-1), b) realizing absorption by means of chemical or physical absorbents of at least some section of ammonia which is in gas form and which is produced in primary reaction zone (RZ-1) in at least one secondary reaction zone (RZ-2) which is not separated by discrete physical barriers with the primary reaction zone (RZ-1).

A device includes a catalytic system and an electromagnetic system. The catalytic system defines a catalysis chamber and includes a catalyst of a reaction to generate a gas from a liquid. The catalyst is housed in the catalysis chamber. The electromagnetic system includes a coil and a rod mobile relative to the coil, the rod being fixed to the catalytic system and including a magnet and a core. The electromagnetic system is configured to move the rod relative to the coil when an electrical current is passed through the coil, so as to dispose the catalytic system in an open position in which the catalysis chamber is in fluidic communication with the outside. The catalytic system is disposed in a closed position in which the catalysis chamber is hermetically closed in the absence of an electrical current through the coil.

The electrochemical cell is an electrochemical cell which electrochemically synthesizes at least one carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of organic carbonates and organic oxalates from carbon monoxide, and has an electrolyte solution containing a redox species and a catalyst, and an electrode.

A method of cooling a liner in a plasma chamber. A recycle gas is contacted with or passed through the liner to cool the liner and pre-heat the recycle gas. The pre-heated gas is then recycled through the plasma chamber to become part of the plasma forming process. The method further comprises the liner is graphite, the recycle gas passes through at least one cooling channel present in the liner, at least one of the cooling channels are covered with at least one removable liner/channel cover, carbon deposits are formed from the presence of hydrocarbons in the recycle gas, at least one channel is formed in a spiral cooling channel pattern, at least one channel is formed in a substantially straight cooling channel pattern, and a plenum to aid in the production of an even distribution of cooling gas in the channels.

Devices suitable for use in an advanced oxidation method for organic and inorganic pollutants deploying OH* radicals and ozone is disclosed. Optionally, a first discharge device, providing OH* radicals and second discharge device providing ozone, are combined to provide desirable chemical and biocidal characteristics. Further, efficient mixing systems for transferring the radicals to the target fluid are disclosed.

A fluid-treatment apparatus has a coil structure, a first circuit formed by a rectifier diode and a capacitor in parallel connection, a second circuit formed by a first coil wound on a first section of the coil structure and a second coil wound on a second section of the coil structure, and a third circuit formed by a third coil wound on the second coil and a fourth coil wound on a third section of the coil structure. The first and second coils have a first winding direction, and the third and fourth coils have a second winding direction opposite to the first winding direction. The first and second coils are a first alternate-current (AC) input terminal and the anode of the rectifier diode. The third and fourth coils are connected to a second alternate-current (AC) input terminal and the cathode of the rectifier diode.

A fluid-treatment apparatus has a coil structure, a first circuit formed by a rectifier diode and a capacitor in parallel connection, a second circuit formed by a first coil wound on a first section of the coil structure and a second coil wound on a second section of the coil structure, and a third circuit formed by a third coil wound on the second coil and a fourth coil wound on a third section of the coil structure. The first and second coils have a first winding direction, and the third and fourth coils have a second winding direction opposite to the first winding direction. The first and second coils are a first alternate-current (AC) input terminal and the anode of the rectifier diode. The third and fourth coils are connected to a second alternate-current (AC) input terminal and the cathode of the rectifier diode.

A virtual photon catalysis apparatus and a method for catalytic treatment using the virtual photon catalysis apparatus. The virtual photon catalysis apparatus includes a housing; and a catalysis unit built in the housing, including a rectangular magnet group, a magnetic force enhancing post, and a magnetically permeable shoe, where an SS pole and an NN pole of a rectangular magnet in the rectangular magnet group form a magnetic field line of a corresponding magnetic field center, the magnetic force enhancing post is used for enhancing a magnetic force from the magnetic field center to a corresponding magnetic field edge, and the magnetically permeable shoe transfers and centralizes the magnetic field from the magnetic field center to the corresponding magnetic field edge, where an angle between junctions between two ends of the magnetically permeable shoe and a central wall of the magnetically permeable shoe is greater than 90 degrees.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for generating an electromagnetic field inside a reactor to trigger an exothermic reaction. The design and implementation of the electromagnetics are based on the requirements of a particular exothermic reaction or reactor. For example, the triggering mechanism of a particular exothermic reaction or reactor may require a magnetic field with a specific magnitude, polarity, and/or orientation.

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas.