A composite film framework that includes a support; a metal oxide layer on the support; and a metal organic framework film on the metal oxide layer 2, wherein a metal atom is shared by a metal oxide in the metal oxide layer and a metal organic framework in the metal organic framework film at an interface between the metal oxide layer and the metal organic framework film.

Yttria containing hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gels may be used in coatings for capillary microextraction, optionally hyphenated to online HPLC analysis. The sol-gel reaction mixture can use an yttrium trialkoxyalkoxide, such as yttrium trimethoxyethoxide, and a [bis(hydroxyalkyl)-amino-alkyl]-terminated polydialkyl/arylsiloxane, such as [bis(hydroxyethyl)-amine] (BHEA)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, that can undergo hydrolysis and polycondensation, to form coating materials. Capillaries coated with such sol-gels can have improved extraction efficiency compared, e.g., to pure yttria-based coatings. The CME-HPLC can analyze water samples containing analytes of varied polarity, with excellent extraction of amides, phenols, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons and detection limits ranging from 0.18 to 7.35 ng/mL (S/N=3). Such capillaries can exhibit solvent stability at pH 0 to 14, RSD % between 0.6 to 6.8% (n=3), at a preparative reproducibility RSD between 4.1 and 9.9%.

Yttria containing hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gels may be used in coatings for capillary microextraction, optionally hyphenated to online HPLC analysis. The sol-gel reaction mixture can use an yttrium trialkoxyalkoxide, such as yttrium trimethoxyethoxide, and a [bis(hydroxyalkyl)-amino-alkyl]-terminated polydialkyl/arylsiloxane, such as [bis(hydroxyethyl)-amine] (BHEA)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, that can undergo hydrolysis and polycondensation, to form coating materials. Capillaries coated with such sol-gels can have improved extraction efficiency compared, e.g., to pure yttria-based coatings. The CME-HPLC can analyze water samples containing analytes of varied polarity, with excellent extraction of amides, phenols, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons and detection limits ranging from 0.18 to 7.35 ng/mL (S/N=3). Such capillaries can exhibit solvent stability at pH 0 to 14, RSD % between 0.6 to 6.8% (n=3), at a preparative reproducibility RSD between 4.1 and 9.9%.

Process for preparing a catalyst or a trapping mass comprising the following steps: bringing a porous oxide support into contact with a metal salt comprising at least one metal belonging to groups VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB or IIB, of which the melting point of said metal salt is between 20° C. and 150° C., for a period of between 5 minutes and 5 hours in order to form a solid mixture, the weight ratio of said metal salt to said porous oxide support being between 0.1 and 1; heating the solid mixture with stirring at a temperature between the melting point of said metal salt and 200° C. and for 5 minutes to 12 hours; calcining the solid obtained in the preceding step at a temperature above 200° C. and below or equal to 1100° C. under an inert atmosphere or under an oxygen-containing atmosphere.

A method of removing one or more antibiotics from a dairy product, the method involve passing the dairy product comprising an antibiotic in a first amount through a bulk comprising, relative to a total bulk weight, at least 75 wt. % of titanium oxide nanostructures, to provide the dairy product comprising the antibiotic in a second, lesser amount, wherein the nanostructures have lengths at least two-fold in excess of their width and height. Bulk materials useful in this or related methods or applications may have loosely tangled, noodle-like morphologies on sub-100 nm scale, and need not employ graphene and/or polymeric support networks in columns, generally having only titanium oxides without silicon or iron oxides.

The invention provides a sorbent material comprising a PSA that is synthesized via a sol-gel process. The sorbent material enables higher loading of PSA and other functional groups than conventional sorbents. The sorbent material can further encapsulate carbonaceous and/or non-carbonaceous particles that are distributed throughout the sorbent network. The invention also relates to a method of making the sorbent materials.

A nitrogen oxide storage material comprising: Mg.sub.1-yAl.sub.2O.sub.4-y, wherein y is a number satisfying 0≤y≤0.2, a noble metal, an oxide of a metal other than the noble metal, and a barium compound, the noble metal, the oxide, and the barium compound being loaded on Mg.sub.1-yAl.sub.2O.sub.4-y. The metal oxide comprises at least one metal oxide selected from zirconium oxide, praseodymium oxide, niobium oxide, and iron oxide.

A nitrogen oxide storage material comprising: Mg.sub.1-yAl.sub.2O.sub.4-y, wherein y is a number satisfying 0≤y≤0.2, a noble metal, an oxide of a metal other than the noble metal, and a barium compound, the noble metal, the oxide, and the barium compound being loaded on Mg.sub.1-yAl.sub.2O.sub.4-y. The metal oxide comprises at least one metal oxide selected from zirconium oxide, praseodymium oxide, niobium oxide, and iron oxide.

An adsorbent composition for capturing pollutants includes a porous composition that includes a plurality of ferric oxyhydroxide particles and an additional component in the porous composition. The additional component includes one of copper chloride (CuCl.sub.2), zinc chloride (ZnCl.sub.2), polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, activated carbon or other carbonaceous material, and a combination thereof.

An adsorbent composition for capturing pollutants includes a porous composition that includes a plurality of ferric oxyhydroxide particles and an additional component in the porous composition. The additional component includes one of copper chloride (CuCl.sub.2), zinc chloride (ZnCl.sub.2), polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, activated carbon or other carbonaceous material, and a combination thereof.