The present disclosure features a Janus composite having a hydrophobic nanoparticulate component and a 2- or 3-dimensional hydrophilic framework, and materials, systems, methods of making the Janus composite and methods of using the Janus composite for separating oil from an oil-in-water emulsion. For example, Janus composites with MoS2 nanospheres on/in a hydrophilic reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or cellulose acetate framework are provided.

A carbon fiber filter includes a center filter body and carbon fiber yarn wound around the center filter body. The center filter body is hollow and includes a water outlet. A surface of the center filter body is provided with at least one inverted triangular groove. A plurality of through holes are arranged in the groove. The through holes and the water outlet are in communication with a hollow inner cavity of the center filter body. The carbon fiber yarn is wound in the groove with a constant force to form a filter layer.

A first process and sorbent for removing ammonia from a gaseous environment, the sorbent comprised of graphene oxide having supported thereon at least one compound selected from metal salts, metal oxides and acids, each of which is capable of adsorbing ammonia. A second process and sorbent system for removing ammonia and a volatile organic compound from a gaseous environment; the sorbent system comprised of two graphene-based materials: (a) the aforementioned graphene oxide, and (b) a nitrogen and oxygen-functionalized graphene. The sorbents are regenerable under a pressure gradient with little or no application of heat. The processes are operable through multiple adsorption-desorption cycles and are applicable to purifying and revitalizing air contaminated with ammonia and organic compounds as may be found in spacesuits, aerospace cabins, underwater vehicles, and other confined-entry environments.

A first process and sorbent for removing ammonia from a gaseous environment, the sorbent comprised of graphene oxide having supported thereon at least one compound selected from metal salts, metal oxides and acids, each of which is capable of adsorbing ammonia. A second process and sorbent system for removing ammonia and a volatile organic compound from a gaseous environment; the sorbent system comprised of two graphene-based materials: (a) the aforementioned graphene oxide, and (b) a nitrogen and oxygen-functionalized graphene. The sorbents are regenerable under a pressure gradient with little or no application of heat. The processes are operable through multiple adsorption-desorption cycles and are applicable to purifying and revitalizing air contaminated with ammonia and organic compounds as may be found in spacesuits, aerospace cabins, underwater vehicles, and other confined-entry environments.

The present invention discloses a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area and preparation method and application thereof. The present invention employs maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and hypophosphorous acid to modify a lignin, then performs a cross-linking reaction with a glutaraldehyde-triethanolamine condensate to prepare a lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, and then dropwise adding a soluble calcium salt solution and a soluble carbonate solution into the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer dispersion successively, co-precipitates to prepare a lignin/nano CaCO.sub.3 complex, finally obtains a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area through carbonizing at a high temperature. The preparation method of the present invention may enable nano CaCO.sub.3 to be uniformly and stably dispersed in a three-dimensional network structure of the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, realizing full and uniform complexation of the lignin with nano CaCO.sub.3.

The present invention discloses a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area and preparation method and application thereof. The present invention employs maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and hypophosphorous acid to modify a lignin, then performs a cross-linking reaction with a glutaraldehyde-triethanolamine condensate to prepare a lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, and then dropwise adding a soluble calcium salt solution and a soluble carbonate solution into the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer dispersion successively, co-precipitates to prepare a lignin/nano CaCO.sub.3 complex, finally obtains a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area through carbonizing at a high temperature. The preparation method of the present invention may enable nano CaCO.sub.3 to be uniformly and stably dispersed in a three-dimensional network structure of the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, realizing full and uniform complexation of the lignin with nano CaCO.sub.3.

A carbon-polymer complex is provided and includes a porous carbon material and a binder, wherein the porous carbon material includes a material obtained from carbonization of a raw material including rice husk, the raw material having a silicon content of at least 5 wt %, the raw material is heat treated before carbonization, and the raw material is treated by an alkali treatment after carbonization to reduce the silicon content, the porous carbon material having a specific surface area of at least 10 m.sup.2/g as measured by the nitrogen BET method, a pore volume of at least 0.1 cm.sup.3/g as measured by the BJH method and MP method, and an R value of 1.5 or greater, wherein the porous carbon material includes mesopores having pore sizes from 2 nm to 50 nm and obtained from the alkali treatment of the raw material after carbonization, the porous carbon material further includes macropores and micropores.

A carbon-polymer complex is provided and includes a porous carbon material and a binder, wherein the porous carbon material includes a material obtained from carbonization of a raw material including rice husk, the raw material having a silicon content of at least 5 wt %, the raw material is heat treated before carbonization, and the raw material is treated by an alkali treatment after carbonization to reduce the silicon content, the porous carbon material having a specific surface area of at least 10 m.sup.2/g as measured by the nitrogen BET method, a pore volume of at least 0.1 cm.sup.3/g as measured by the BJH method and MP method, and an R value of 1.5 or greater, wherein the porous carbon material includes mesopores having pore sizes from 2 nm to 50 nm and obtained from the alkali treatment of the raw material after carbonization, the porous carbon material further includes macropores and micropores.

A system and method for regulating and absorbing TFT-LCD organic solvent waste liquid in countercurrent are provided. In the system, each of longitudinal offset pipes of absorbing pipes is disposed between a lower filter plate and an upper filter plate, bottom positions of the longitudinal offset pipes are connected with a sinking-recovery pipe, each longitudinal offset pipe is provided with a photoelectric detector, an activated carbon supply pipe is provided with an activated carbon supply device, the sinking-recovery pipe is connected with a solid-liquid separator, and a wet activated carbon conduction mechanism is provided with a heating-separating device. Activated carbon particles in the absorbing pipe with a certain saturation amount are led out in a non-disassembly-replacement method, the saturated activated carbon is subjected to solid-liquid separating and heating degassing, thus the saturated organic solvent is separated and recovered and the activated carbon particles are recycled.

A system and method for regulating and absorbing TFT-LCD organic solvent waste liquid in countercurrent are provided. In the system, each of longitudinal offset pipes of absorbing pipes is disposed between a lower filter plate and an upper filter plate, bottom positions of the longitudinal offset pipes are connected with a sinking-recovery pipe, each longitudinal offset pipe is provided with a photoelectric detector, an activated carbon supply pipe is provided with an activated carbon supply device, the sinking-recovery pipe is connected with a solid-liquid separator, and a wet activated carbon conduction mechanism is provided with a heating-separating device. Activated carbon particles in the absorbing pipe with a certain saturation amount are led out in a non-disassembly-replacement method, the saturated activated carbon is subjected to solid-liquid separating and heating degassing, thus the saturated organic solvent is separated and recovered and the activated carbon particles are recycled.