Composites of mixed metal oxides for an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprise the following co-precipitated materials by weight of the composite: zirconia in an amount in the range of 55-99%; titania in an amount in the range of 1-25%; a promoter and/or a stabilizer in an amount in the range of 0-20%. These composites are effective as supports for platinum group metals (PGMs), in particular rhodium.

A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes converting a gas stream that contains hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO) to a second mixture that contains a hydrocarbon, for example, a hydrocarbon having between 3 and 15 carbon atoms, where the converting is performed using a first catalyst configured to convert H.sub.2 and CO to methanol, a second catalyst configured to convert methanol to dimethyl ether (DME), and a third catalyst configured to convert DME to the hydrocarbon.

The present disclosure provides a process for preparing a hydrocarbon fuel from waste rubber. The process involves admixing, in a reaction vessel, at least one fluid medium with the waste rubber to obtain a slurry; wherein the concentration of the waste rubber in the slurry ranges from 45% to 70%. A reactor is charged with the slurry and a predetermined amount of at least one catalyst composition to obtain a mixture, followed by introduction of hydrogen to the reactor to attain a predetermined pressure and heating the mixture at a predetermined temperature, to attain an autogenously generated pressure, and for a predetermined time period to obtain a reaction mass comprising the hydrocarbon fuel. This reaction mass comprising the hydrocarbon fuel is then cooled to obtain a cooled reaction mass. The hydrocarbon fuel is then separated from the cooled reaction mass.

The invention provides a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol and 1, 2-propylene glycol from starting material comprising one or more saccharides, wherein the process comprises the steps of i) providing the starting material and hydrogen to a first reactor, which first reactor operates with mixing; ii) reacting said starting material and hydrogen in the first reactor in the presence of solvent and a catalyst system; iii) continuously removing a first reactor product stream from the first reactor; iv) supplying at least a portion of the first reactor product stream to a second reactor, which reactor operates essentially in a plug flow manner; and v) further reacting the first reactor product stream with hydrogen in the presence of a solvent and optionally a catalyst system in the second reactor.

A layered catalyst composite for the treatment of exhaust gas emissions, effective to provide lean NO.sub.x trap functionality and three-way conversion functionality is described. Layered catalyst composites can comprise catalytic material on a substrate, the catalytic material comprising at least two layers. The first layer comprising rare earth oxide-high surface area refractory metal oxide particles, an alkaline earth metal supported on the rare earth oxide-high surface area refractory metal oxide particles, and at least one first platinum group metal component supported on the rare earth oxide-high surface area refractory metal oxide particles. The second layer comprising a second platinum group metal component supported on a first oxygen storage component (OSC) and/or a first refractory metal oxide support and, optionally, a third platinum group metal supported on a second refractory metal oxide support or a second oxygen storage component.

A motor vehicle emission control system includes a three zone catalytic converter component having a honeycomb support body with catalytically active coating having a precious metal content applied on the channel walls. The first coating zone extends in the longitudinal direction from the inlet-side end to a first coating boundary and has a first precious metal content. The second coating zone extends in the longitudinal direction from the first coating boundary to a second coating boundary situated downstream from the first coating boundary and has a second precious metal content that is lower than the first precious metal content. The third coating zone extends from the second coating boundary to the outlet-side end and has a third precious metal content that is lower than the second precious metal content. The coating has oxidation catalyst activity and is free of rhodium.

A process for preparing a catalyst material, includes: (a) providing a support material having surface hydroxyl (OH) groups, the support material is ceria (CeO.sub.2), zirconia (ZrO.sub.2) or a combination, and the support material contains between 0.3 and 2.0 mmol OH groups/g of the support material; (b) reacting the support material with at least one of: (b1) a compound containing at least one alkoxy or phenoxy group bound though its oxygen atom to a metal element from Group 5 (V, Nb, Ta) or Group 6 (Cr, Mo, W); (b2) a compound containing at least one hydrocarbon group bound though a carbon atom to a metal element from Group 5 or 6; (b3) a compound containing at least one hydrocarbon group bound though a carbon atom to a metal element which is copper (Cu); and (c) calcining the product obtained in step (b).

A process for preparing a catalyst material, includes the steps of: (a) providing a support material having surface hydroxyl (OH) groups, wherein the support material is ceria (CeO.sub.2), zirconia (ZrO.sub.2) or a combination of thereof; (b) reacting the support material having surface hydroxyl (OH) groups of step (a) with a precursor containing two transition metal atoms, each chosen independently from the group consisting of: W, Mo, Cr, Ta, Nb, V, Mn; (c) calcining the product obtained in step (b) in order to provide a catalyst material showing dual site surface species containing pairs of transition metal atoms derived from the precursor that are present in oxide form on the support material. Additionally, a catalyst material is obtained by the process set out above, and the catalyst material is used as an ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH.sub.3-SCR) catalyst for nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction.

The present invention discloses a preparation method of a catalyst with white carbon black modified by Zr—Nd—O and use thereof, and belongs to the field of catalyst technologies. In the present invention, an organic solvent evaporation induced self-assembly method is used to load Zr—Nd—O onto white carbon black to obtain a mesoporous Zr—Nd—O/white carbon black catalyst. The mesoporous Zr—Nd—O/white carbon black catalyst in the present invention has high catalytic activity, contains uniformly distributed mesopores with a relatively large average aperture, and has a simple preparation process, etc.