A continuous casting and rolling line for casting, rolling, and otherwise preparing metal strip can produce distributable metal strip without requiring cold rolling or the use of a solution heat treatment line. A metal strip can be continuously cast from a continuous casting device and coiled into a metal coil, optionally after being subjected to post-casting quenching. This intermediate coil can be stored until ready for hot rolling. The as-cast metal strip can undergo reheating prior to hot rolling, either during coil storage or immediately prior to hot rolling. The heated metal strip can be cooled to a rolling temperature and hot rolled through one or more roll stands. The rolled metal strip can optionally be reheated and quenched prior to coiling for delivery. This final coiled metal strip can be of the desired gauge and have the desired physical characteristics for distribution to a manufacturing facility.

An aluminium-zinc-hot-dipped and colour-coated steel plate having a 600 MPa yield strength grade and a high elongation and a manufacturing method thereof, with the chemical components in mass percentage of a substrate of the steel plate being: 0.07-0.15% of C, 0.02-0.5% of Si, 1.3-1.8% of Mn, N0.004%, S0.01%, Ti0.20%, Nb0.060%, and the balance being Fe and other inevitable impurities, and meanwhile satisfying the conditions of: (C+Mn/6)0.3%; Mn/S150; Nb satisfying 0.01%(Nb0.22C1.1N)0.06% where no Ti is contained; Ti satisfying 0.5Ti/C1.5 where no Nb is contained; and 0.04%(Ti+Nb)0.26% where Ti and Nb are added in combination. The steel plate has a yield strength of 600 MPa, a tensile strength of 650 MPa, an elongation after fracture of 12%, a good strength and toughness and an excellent corrosion resistance.

The invention relates to a sheet metal plate (10) for creating flooring (30), in particular for industrial vehicles, having on its upper surface (11) a plurality or raised patterns, each raised pattern comprising one or more protruding portions (20), the raised patterns being arranged periodically, discreetly and in orderly fashion, the height h of the raised patterns being between 0.3 and 3 mm, characterized in that the plate has, on its lower surface (12), which is intended to be bonded to a support member, a rough surface the roughness Rmax of which is between 10 m and 250 m. The invention also relates to the method of producing said plate and the use of said sheet metal plate for creating flooring for industrial vehicles, preferably flooring for refrigerated vehicles.

A process for making a hot rolled high strength steel (HRHSS) product including the steps of casting a steel slab having, in weight percent, C: 0.18-0.22, Mn: 1.0-2.0, Si: 0.8-1.2, Cr: 0.8-1.2, S: 0.008 max, P: 0.025 max, Al: 0.01-0.15, N: 0.005 max, Nb: 0.02-0.035, Mo: 0.08-0.12, the remainder iron (Fe) and incidental impurities, hot rolling the steel slab into strip at a finish rolling temperature (FRT) of 850-900 C., cooling the hot rolled strip at 40 C./s or more over a run out table (ROT) until the strip reaches 380-400 C., coiling the hot rolled strip, and then air cooling to room temperature.

Systems and methods for using full-width hot sprays to pre-heat rolling mills prior to processing of metal sheet or plate are described herein. The hot sprays may be individually controlled. Using hot sprays can allow the rolling mill to reach operating temperature and achieve a desired thermal crown so that metal sheet or plate may be processed immediately within tolerances for flatness and gauge accuracy. Pre-heating of rolling mills can eliminate the need of the rolling mill to operate in a transitional period of work roll heating and can increase efficiency by eliminating or reducing scrap material and mill downtime. Hot sprays may also be incorporated with existing coolant systems to provide thermal control systems for rolling mills with bi-directional temperature controls.

A method for the regulation of at least one of the parameters () of a hot rolling process of a semi-finished metal product in at least one rolling mill stand having at least two work rolls is provided. The regulation method includes calculating a forward slip ratio (FWS) with the following equation: $\mathrm{FWS}=\frac{\left|v_{\mathrm{exit}}-v_{\mathrm{stand}}\right|}{v_{\mathrm{stand}}}$
where v.sub.exit is the speed of the semi-finished product at the exit of the respective stand and v.sub.stand is the linear velocity of the work rolls; calculating an estimated coefficient of friction (.sub.real) as a function of a measured value of the screwdown force (F) of the work rolls in the stand and of the forward slip ratio (FWS); and regulating at least one of the parameters () based on the calculated estimated coefficient of friction (.sub.real).

A dual hardness steel article comprises a first air hardenable steel alloy having a first hardness metallurgically bonded to a second air hardenable steel alloy having a second hardness. A method of manufacturing a dual hard steel article comprises providing a first air hardenable steel alloy part comprising a first mating surface and having a first part hardness, and providing a second air hardenable steel alloy part comprising a second mating surface and having a second part hardness. The first air hardenable steel alloy part is metallurgically secured to the second air hardenable steel alloy part to form a metallurgically secured assembly, and the metallurgically secured assembly is hot rolled to provide a metallurgical bond between the first mating surface and the second mating surface.

A method for heating a blank in a first heating furnace and a second heating furnace. The first heating furnace includes a first chamber and a second chamber communicating with the first chamber. The method includes: 1) heating the blank in the first chamber to the temperature of less than 300 C.; 2) transferring the blank heated in the first chamber to the second heating furnace, and heating the blank to the temperature of between 350 C. and 850 C., where the temperature of the second heating furnace is detected using a thermocouple, and the temperature of the blank is detected by an optical thermometer; 3) transferring the blank heated in the second heating furnace to the second chamber, and measuring the temperature of the blank using a contact thermometer; and 4) transferring the blank from 3) to a rolling mill.

Provided is a manufacturing method for high-toughness and plasticity hypereutectoid rail, including: a. hot rolling the steel billet into rail; b. blowing a cooling medium to the top surface of railhead, wherein, the two sides of railhead and the lower jaws on the two sides of railhead after the center of top surface of rail is air-cooled to 800-850 C., and cooling the rail until the center temperature of the top surface is 520-550 C.; c. stop blowing the cooling medium to the lower jaws on the two sides of railhead, continue blowing the cooling medium to the top surface of railhead and the two sides of railhead, and air cool the rail to room temperature after the surface temperature of railhead is cooled to 430-480 C. The resulting hypereutectoid rail has higher toughness and plasticity than existing products, which is suitable for heavy-haul railway, especially for small radius curve sections.

A method for forming a multilayer composite structure comprises providing a first sheet comprising a copper-comprising layer sandwiched by first and second graphene layers, wrapping the first sheet to form a first rod, and compacting the first rod to form a first multilayer composite structure.