A method of cold forming an outer arm of a rocker arm assembly in a cold forming machine includes providing a slug having a first end and a second end, extruding the slug at the first end to establish two different widths of the slug, compressing the slug to form an upper angled surface and a lower angled surface at the second end, and compressing the slug to form an inner arm window defined by a pair of side walls and a pair of end walls.

The invention relates to a method for producing metal components, consisting at least partially of a copper alloy, comprising the following alloy components in wt. %: 0 wt. %<Sn≤8 wt. %; 0 wt. %<Zn≤6 wt. %; 0.1 wt. %≤S≤0.7 wt. %; optionally no more than 0.2 wt. % phosphorus; optionally no more than 0.1 wt. % antimony; and optionally iron, zirconium and/or boron alone or in a combination of two or more of said elements of no more than 0.3 wt. %; and unavoidable impurities, and the rest being copper. The method comprises the following stages: (a) melting the copper alloy: (b) producing press blanks from the copper alloy; and (c) pressing the press blanks at a suitable pressing temperature to form the metal components. The invention also relates to a metal component which has been produced according to a method of this type.

A method includes mounting a hollow cylinder on a turntable, positioning an additive-manufacturing deposition tool at a surface of the hollow cylinder, and rotating the hollow cylinder on the turntable while depositing material on the hollow cylinder with the deposition tool. Further, a method includes making an opening in a wall of the hollow cylinder, forming a part to fit in the opening, and welding the part to the hollow cylinder such that the part fills the opening. The hollow cylinder has an inner radius and an outer radius, and the part is formed with an inner radius of curvature and an outer radius of curvature substantially similar to the inner radius and outer radius, respectively, of the hollow cylinder when the part is positioned in the opening.

A mould for hot forging includes a first half-mould and a second half-mould. The first and second half-moulds each include a mould holder having a recess and a die provided with an impression. The die is combined with the mould holder at the recess. At least one of the first half-mould and the second half-mould is provided with at least one feeding channel for a lubricating-cooling liquid, extending from an outer wall of the mould holder to the recess of the mould holder, and with a plurality of distribution channels for the lubricating-cooling liquid. At least one quota of the plurality of distribution channels includes distribution channels extending from a wall of the die facing the recess, to the impression. The at least one feeding channel and the distribution channels face at least one gap formed between the mould holder and the respective die at the recess.

A forging and pressing production systems enables at least one material to be formed by hot melt and forging and pressing by itself without human operation, thereby completing the mass production of the material. Operating factors such as the pressure, temperature and mold required for formation are taken into account, and the identification requirements for the material are reduced, thereby realizing large-scale production.

A method of manufacturing a forged product includes a heating step, a first and a second forging steps, wherein the forging temperature in the heating step is 450° C. or higher and 550° C. or lower, and surface temperatures of the upper molding part of the first upper die in the first forging step and the upper molding part of the second upper die in the second forging step are 150° C. or higher and 190° C. or lower, surface temperatures of the lower molding parts of the first and the second lower dies are 190° C. or higher and 230° C. or lower, and the surface temperatures of the lower molding parts of the first and the second lower dies are higher by 5° C. or more than the surface temperatures of the upper molding parts of the first and the second upper dies.

A method of processing hexahedral metal includes an X-axis edge forging step to press two X-axis edges on opposite sides to each other from a center of the hexahedral metal among edges formed in an X-axis direction, process the hexahedral metal into hexagonal prismatic metal, and restore the hexagonal prismatic metal to hexahedral metal, a Y-axis edge forging step to press two Y-axis edges on opposite sides to each other from the center of the hexahedral metal among edges formed in a Y-axis direction, process the hexahedral metal into hexagonal prismatic metal, and restore the hexagonal prismatic metal to hexahedral metal, and a Z-axis edge forging step to press two Z-axis edges on opposite sides to each other from the center of the hexahedral metal among edges formed in a Z-axis direction, process the hexahedral metal into hexagonal prismatic metal, and restore the hexagonal prismatic metal to hexahedral metal.

The present invention discloses a Fluid End and its manufacturing method. The conventional fluid end manufacturing methods involve machining of all surfaces. This demands more input stock for manufacturing process and a lot of material wastage during machining process. In the conventional processes involving open die forging followed by machining result into only about 34% utilization of material. In the present invention, fluid end component geometry is optimized. Assembly surfaces are machined whereas other or non-assembly surfaces are as-forged condition. The method of invention also results in significant reduction in machining time and chip removal. The present invention also discloses a process of manufacturing using a combination of open die and closed die forging, and machining. It involves the steps of cogging an ingot to form billet for closed die forging using open die forging, forging the billet in closed die using forging equipment, semi-finish/rough/partial machining, heat treatment, drilling and finish machining the component. Most of the non-assembly areas of the fluid end are left in as-forged condition.

A wheel automatic closed die forging production line includes a sawing machine, a first transfer track, a bar heating furnace, a first manipulator, an oscillating rolling machine, a second manipulator, a primary forging hydraulic machine, an intermediate heating furnace, a third manipulator, a finish forging hydraulic machine, a wheel transfer block, a fourth manipulator, a cutting, expanding and punching hydraulic machine, a second transfer track, a spinning machine, a fifth manipulator, a third transfer track, a heat treatment furnace, a fourth transfer track, a machining unit, a sixth manipulator and a fifth finished product track, and can improve mechanical and the physical properties of the wheel product, the wheel forging effect and the yield. Aluminum and magnesium alloy wheel compression molding is realized, reducing cost, time and labor for secondary machining and reshaping, and improving production safety and efficiency.

Aluminum wheels include a rim and a disc having a mounting portion. The mounting portion includes an inner mounting face and an outer mounting face. The mounting portion also includes a coarse grain region and a fine grain region. The coarse grain region can be adjacent, and at least partially form, one of the inner mounting face or the outer mounting face. The coarse grain region includes aluminum alloy grains of a first average grain length that is greater than 1 mm. The fine grain region extends between the coarse grain region and the other of the inner mounting face or the outer mounting face. The fine grain region includes aluminum alloy grains of a second average grain length that is less than 0.5 mm.