Provided is a titanium cast product for hot rolling made of commercially pure titanium, the titanium cast product including a melted and resolidified layer in a range of more than or equal to 1 mm in depth on a surface serving as a rolling surface, the melted and resolidified layer being obtained by adding one or more elements out of any one of or both of at least one α stabilizer element and at least one neutral element to the surface, and melting and resolidifying the surface. An average value of a total concentration of the at least one α stabilizer element and the at least one neutral element in the range of more than or equal to 1 mm in depth is higher than a total concentration of the at least one α stabilizer element and the at least one neutral element in a base metal by, in mass %, more than or equal to 0.1% and less than 2.0%.

A vehicle is adapted to sense a condition of use in which a maximum speed control speed is reduced. The condition of use may be indicated by a sensor of the vehicle, or selected according to the kind of terrain across which the vehicle is travelling. Selection of terrain type may be manual or automatic, and may enable a selection of sensors appropriate to the terrain type. A vehicle driver may select a speed control speed lower than the permitted maximum.

A system (5) and method (800) for unit cell casting of titanium or titanium-alloys is disclosed herein. The system (5) comprises an external chamber (45), a crucible (10) positioned within the external chamber (45), an induction coil (15) positioned around the crucible, an internal chamber (40) positioned within the external chamber (45), and a mold (30) positioned within the internal chamber (40). The external chamber (45) is evacuated and a pressurized gas is injected into the evacuated external chamber (45) to create a pressurized external chamber (45). An ingot (20) is melted within the crucible utilizing induction heating generated by the induction coil (15). The internal chamber (40) is evacuated to create an evacuated internal chamber (40). The titanium alloy material of the ingot (20) is completely transferred into the mold (30) from the crucible (10) using a pressure differential created between the external chamber (45) and the internal chamber (40).

High quality titanium ingot is produced by using recovered titanium scrap as a raw material and adding additives. Scrap, each having individual information of identification and process profile information, is passed through automatic reading means to obtain the information and to store it in a data server. A calculating means calculates a combination of the scrap, titanium sponge and additives and feed rate of each of them so as to satisfy chemical composition and producing rate of a target ingot product using the individual identification pieces of information stored in the data server, during a beginning step of the ingot production, and transmits electrical signals corresponding to calculated results of the combination and the feed rates from the calculating means to a feed rate controlling means of each feed means of the titanium scrap, titanium sponge, and additives and then starting supply of them, and detecting means equipped at an extracting part of the ingot product reads actual producing rate of the ingot product, after the beginning step of the ingot production. The calculating means controls feed rate of the titanium scrap, titanium sponge, and/or additives based on the actual producing rate.

Methods are provided for manufacturing a component. In one method, first material is cast into a first body. At least a portion of the first body is machined. Second metal material is cast onto at least the machined portion of the first body to form a monolithic second body. A first portion of the second body is formed by the first metal material. A second portion of the second body is formed by the second metal material. The second metal material is different from the first metal material.

Provided is a titanium cast product made of commercially pure titanium, the titanium cast product being produced by electron-beam remelting or plasma arc melting, comprising: a melted and resolidified layer in a range of 1 mm or more in depth at a surface serving as a surface to be rolled, the melted and resolidified layer being obtained by adding one or more kinds of β stabilizer elements to the surface and melting and resolidifying the surface. An average value of β stabilizer element(s) concentration in a range of within 1 mm in depth is higher than β stabilizer element(s) concentration in a base material by, in mass %, equal to or more than 0.08 mass % and equal to or less than 1.50 mass %. As the material containing the β stabilizer element, powder, a chip, wire, or foil is used. As means for melting a surface layer, electron-beam heating and plasma arc heating are used.

The present invention provides a method for casting a slab having a good cast surface. The method includes heating the surface of molten metal on a metal inlet side of a mold by a first heat source so that the following formulas: q≧0.87 and c≦11.762q+0.3095 are satisfied where c is a cycle time [sec] of turning movement of the first heat source, and q is an average amount of heat input [MW/m.sup.2] determined by accumulating an amount of heat input applied by at least the first heat source to the contact region between the upper surface of the slab on the metal inlet side and the mold, along the path of turning movement of the first heat source, and dividing the resultant accumulated value by the cycle time c.

A casting slurry for producing shell molds for casting parts includes a metal alloy, the slurry includes powder particles and a binder, the binder includes colloidal yttrium oxide, and the powder particles includes calcia-stabilized zirconia.

A copper alloy sheet material includes 0.5 to 2.5 mass % of Ni, 0.5 to 2.5 mass % of Co, 0.30 to 1.2 mass % of Si and 0.0 to 0.5 mass % of Cr and the balance Cu and unavoidable impurities, wherein an X-ray diffraction intensity ratio is 1.0≦I{200}/I.sub.0{200}≦5.0 when I{200} is a result of the X-ray diffraction intensity of {200} crystal plane of sheet surface and I.sub.0{200} is a result of the X-ray diffraction intensity of {200} crystal plane of a standard powder of pure copper, and wherein 0.2% yield strength in a rolling parallel direction (RD) is 800 MPa or more and 950 MPa or less, an electrical conductivity of 43.5% IACS or more and 53.0% IACS or less, 180 degree bending workability in a rolling parallel direction (GW) and a rolling perpendicular direction (BW) is R/t=0, and a difference between the rolling parallel direction (RD) and a rolling perpendicular direction (TD) of the 0.2% yield strength is 40 MPa or less.

In production of a reactive metal using a melting furnace for producing metal having a hearth, ingots can be efficiently produced by efficiently cooling the ingots extracted from the mold provided in the melting furnace. In addition, an apparatus structure in which multiple ingots can be produced with high efficiency and high quality from one hearth, is provided. A melting furnace for producing metal is provided, the furnace has a hearth for having molten metal formed by melting raw material, a mold in which the molten metal is poured, an extracting jig which is provided below the mold for extracting ingot cooled and solidified downwardly, a cooling member for cooling the ingot extracted downwardly of the mold, and an outer case for keeping the hearth, the mold, the extracting jig, and the cooling member separated from the air, wherein at least one mold and extracting jig are provided in the outer case, and the cooling member is provided between the outer case and the ingot, or between the multiple ingots.